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CHM 2123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Bromothymol Blue, Leaving Group, Stereocenter

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17 Dec 2017

School

University of Ottawa

Department

Course

Professor

Katherine Mc Gilvray

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Document Summary

Experiment 2 the kinetic study of nucleophilic substitution. Possible way to optimize yield observe kinetics of reaction --> postulate a mechanism. Observed by rate of disappearance of reactants or rate of formation of products. A + b --> c + d is. X and y represent the order of the reaction with respect to each reactant (determined experimentally) Sum of these powers determine overall order of the reaction. K is the rate constant of the reaction, depending on experimental conditions. Usually a rxn is zero order for one reactant but a higher order for another. Formation of products can only dependant on the concentration of one sm. Graph of [reactants] vs time, is linear and with a slope of k (rate constant) Graph of ln[reactants] vs time has slope of - k. Graph of 1/[reactants] vs time has slope of k. [a] = [a]0e -kt ln[a]t = ln[a]0 kt.

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Related Questions

Please answer both questions. They are part of one question in a pre lab. I have attached the introductory statement referred to in the first part. Thanks!

A+B--> C rate= delta [C]/ delta t = k [A]^a[B]^b

a) Given the initial concentration of each of the reactants,calculate the final concentrations of A, B, and C. Assume thereaction goes to completion. [A]initial= 5.0 x 10^-7 M [B]initial=7.0 x 10^-4M [C]initial= 0

b) Which reagent is in large excess? Is it reasonable to say thatthe concentration of this reagent is a constant?

c) How might you rewrite the rate law to show that the rate of thereaction, run under the conditions given in question 2a, dependsupon the concentration of only one reactant?

d) The rate of the above reaction (using the initial reagentconcentrations given above) was studied monitoring theconcentration change of reactant A. A summary of the data obtainedfrom that study is given below. Based on these experiemntalresults, what is the order of the reaction with respect to thisreactant? Given this new info, rewrite the rate law derived inquestion 2c.

graph one: [reactant] vs. time is a graph of a downward slopingcurve, approaches zero as time goes on.

graph two: ln[reactant] vs. time is a graph of a less dramaticdownward sloping curve, approaches zero as time goes by

graph three: 1/[reactant] vs. time is a graph of a straight linewith a positive slope.