BIO 1140 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Sh2 Domain, Signal Transduction, Neuromuscular Junction
26 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
A cell can alter the gene expression of another cell by sending a chemical messenger that will trigger a signal transduction cascade. Receptor activation leads to relaying and amplifying the signal inside the cell, for maximum cel- lular response with the minimal amount of ligand. An arriving signal binds and activates a receptor in the plasma. In most cases, the receptor changes shape, which triggers the transduction pathway inside the cell: as the transduction pathway unfolds, receptor activation leads to activation of one or more proteins. The response continues for as long as the ligand is bound to the receptor in the cell, resulting in amplification. In amplification, an activated receptor activates many proteins, which then activate an even larger number or pro- teins for the next step in the cellular pathway and so on in each subsequent step. The lipophilic messengers will be released by the cell somewhere in the organism.
