BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Disruptive Selection, Cladogenesis, Heterozygote Advantage

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Huxley he is the scientist along with others who put together the synthetic theory of evolution in the early 1900s. Allele: every organism has a pair of alleles on homologous chromosomes. The allele combination may create a phenotype that may not be unique to the genotype (dominant + recessive). Dominant and recessive: alleles can be dominant or recessive. The dominant one masks the recessive one in a heterozygote organism. Punnett squares - mendel: mendel bred a line of plants using inbreeding. This line of plants bred true for 1 allele. In other words, he created a small population of plants that was either homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive. If they were, you would get a 1:2:1 (homozygous. Dominant) : (heterozygous) : (homozygous recessive): the only explanation for these ratios is a pair of alleles, 1 dominant and 1 recessive, the reason mendel"s findings are called laws is that they are mathematical proofs about a phenomenon.

Related Questions

Question 1

What would be the dimensions of a Punnett square for the cross Hh x hh?

		4 x 4
		2 x 2
		2 x 1
		1 x 1

Question 2

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. Figure out the phenotypes and genotypes possible in their puppies by using a Punnett Square. (provide answers on one line with commas between - xx, xx, xx, xx)

Genotypes: , ,

Phenotypes: ,

Question 3

The fundamental Mendelian process which involves the separation of alleles located at the same spot on the chromosome would be called ___.

		segregation
		independent assortment
		continuous variation
		discontinuous variation

Question 4

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants.

-A.B.C.	PP_____________
-A.B.C.	Pp____________
-A.B.C.	pp_______________

A.	purple flowers
B.	purple flowers
C.	white flowers

Question 5

In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (G) codes for grey and the recessive allele (g) codes for black fur. The female dog has black fur and the male dog is homozygous dominant. Make a Punnett square to determine the chance of getting each genotype and phenotype below.

-A.B.	Probability of GG:
-A.B.	Probability of Gg:
-A.B.	Probability of gg:
-A.B.	Probability of gray fur:
-A.B.	Probability of black fur:

A.	100
B.	0

Question 6

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds in pea plants.

-A.B.C.	RR______________
-A.B.C.	Rr _____________
-A.B.C.	rr ____________

A.	round seeds
B.	wrinkled seeds
C.	round seeds

Question 7

Using the information given on dominant and recessive traits, state the phenotype for each genotype. Hairy knuckles are dominant to non-hairy knuckles in humans.

-A.B.C.	HH_____________
-A.B.C.	Hh ___________
-A.B.C.	hh _________________

A.	non-hairy knuckles
B.	hairy knuckles
C.	hairy knuckles

Question 8

An allele is ___.

		one of the bases in DNA
		an alternate form of a gene
		another term for epistasis
		present only in males and is responsible for sex determination

Question 9

In a cross of a round hybrid pea with a true breeding round parent (Rr x RR), what genotypic proportions would be observed in the offspring?

		Half heterozygous, half homozygous dominant
		Half round, half wrinkled
		All heterozygous
		All round

Question 10

What would be the dimensions of a Punnett Square depicting a dihybrid cross?

		1 x 4
		2 x 4
		4 x 4
		2 x 2

1. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the normal wildtype has long wings and red eyes (both are dominant traits).Recessive forms of these genes result in vestigial wings and browneyes. A red-eyed, vesigial winged male is crossed with abrown-eyed, long winged female.

(a) Assuming each parent is homozygous for the dominant alleles,write out the cross and give the genotype and phenotype of theoffspring.

(b) If each parent is a heterozygote for the dominant alleles,what are the genotypes, phenotypes and ratios of the potentialoffspring?

2. In peas, the allele for tall plant (T) is dominant to theallele for short plants and the allele for purple flowers (P) isdominant to white flowers (p). Write out the results of thefollowing crosses and determine the phenotypic ratios for each:

(a) TtPp x TtPp

(b) Ttpp x ttpp

(d) TTpp x ttPP

burgundytiger789

Two genes interact to produce various phenotypic ratios among F2 progeny of a dihybrid cross. Design a different pathway explaining each of the F2 ratios below, using hypothetical genes R and T and assuming that the dominant allele at each locus catalyzes a different reaction or performs an action leading to pigment production. The recessive allele at each locus is null (loss-of-function). Begin each pathway with a colorless precursor that produces a white or albino phenotype if it is unmodified. The ratios are for F2 progeny produced by crossing wild-type F1 organisms with the genotype RrTt.

- Its a multiple choice question, this section goes up to Part G, but the next question will not appear after finishing Part D.

Part D. 9/16 red : 7/16 white

Select one of these options:

* At least one copy of both dominant alleles is required for red pigment. The absence of either dominant allele results in white.

* One copy of any dominant allele results in red. The absence of either dominant allele results in white.

* The only way to produce red is to have at least one dominant allele at one specific locus and homozygous recessive alleles at the other locus. The second dominant allele functions as a suppressor; therefore, if both dominant alleles are present, it will suppress the expression of the first.

BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Disruptive Selection, Cladogenesis, Heterozygote Advantage

BIO 1130 Full Course Notes

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