BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Atp Hydrolysis, Exergonic Reaction, Metabolic Pathway

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Exergonic: where delta g is negative because products contain less free energy than the reactants, spontaneous reaction that produces energy: bigger negative delta g means it is more spontaneous. Endergonic: where delta g is positive because products contain more free energy that the reactants, is not spontaneous because it requires energy to occur, the energy comes from an exergonic reaction. Free energy: changes when potential energy and or entropy of substances changes, chemical reactions run in the direction that lowers the free energy of the system (towards stability/ equilibrium) Metabolic pathway: series of sequential reactions in which products of one reaction are used as reactants for the next reaction. Catabolic pathway: energy is released by breakdown of complex molecules to similar compounds: negative delta g, ex: respiration breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide.

Related Questions

Which of the following is FALSE with respect to coupledreactions?

	they occur in ALL cells (bacteria, plants, animals, etc.)
	enzymes are typically involved
	endergonic reactions power exergonic reactions
	the coupled reaction has a ?G value that is negative
	none of the above (i.e., all of the above are TRUE)

Which of the following reactions is LEAST likely to bespontaneous? One with a:

	very large increase in entropy and a very large decrease inenthalpy
	very large increase in entropy and a very small increase inenthalpy
	very small decrease in entropy and a very large decrease inenthalpy
	very small increase in entropy and a very small decrease inenthalpy
	very small decrease in entropy and a very small increase inenthalpy

Energy of activation refers to the:

A)	?G of a reaction
B)	difference in energy between the transition state and theproduct
C)	difference in energy between substrate and product
D)	net change in free energy
E)	energy input needed to reach the transition state

Homeostasis refers to maintaining a relatively constantenvironment, and is achieved to a large extent by how enzymes areregulated. For example, when the end product of a pathway regulatesan enzyme that acts early in the same pathway, the effect is mostoften:

	stimulation if an anabolic pathway, and inhibition if acatabolic pathway
	inhibition if an anabolic pathway, and stimulation if acatabolic pathway
	stimulation, whether an anabolic or catabolic pathway
	inhibition, whether an anabolic or catabolic pathway

Enzymes function by:

	decreasing the free energy level of the reactants
	decreasing the free energy level of the transition state
	increasing the free energy level of the reactants
	changing delta G from positive to negative
	changing delta G from negative to positive
	increasing the free energy level of the products
	decreasing the free energy level of the products

6.	When carbohydrates are oxidized, the C

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3) The hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose is exergonic. However, if you dissolve sucrose in water and keep the solution overnight at room temperature, there is no detectable conversion to glucose and fructose. Why?

Select one:

a. The change in free energy of the reaction is negative.

b. The activation energy of the reaction is high.

c. The free energy of the products is higher than the free energy of the reactants.

d. This is a condensation reaction.

e. The change in free energy of the reaction is positive.

5) Competitive inhibition differs from non-competitive inhibition in that the ___1___ site is where we see competitive inhibition, while the non-competitive inhibitor __2___.

1. a. allosteric b. non-active c. active d. hydrophillic e. hydrophobic

2.
a. binds to the active site, thus blocking it
b. binds outside the active site, changing the shape of the enzyme
c. binds outside the active site, and blocks the active site

6) Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme, and as such it __1___ of the reaction. It is part of glycolysis, and is an example of an enzyme controlled by inhibition, as high levels of citrate (an intermediate further down the catabolic pathway) turns the enzyme off
(1)Select one:
a. lowers activation energy
b. lowers the ÎG
c. raises the Free Energy
(2)Select one
a. non-competitivenegative feedback
b. irreversible competitivereversible competitive.

15)The reactions in the pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle harvest the high-energy electrons stored in glucose. Therefore, these pathways _______________.

Select one:

a. take place in animal cells, but not in plant cells
b. are catabolic pathways
c. are anabolic pathways
d. involve the reduction of glucose and its metabolic intermediates

21) In an exergonic chemical reaction, the products have less free energy than the reactants (-ÎG). Endergonic reactions require an input of energy (+ÎG). The addition of starting materials and the removal of end products prevent metabolism from reaching final equilibrium. Instead, the cell exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

Select one:
True
False

greyferret515

1. What is meant by catabolic and anabolic reactions? Give an example of each.

2. Is the DG for an exergonic reaction more than or less than zero? What about an endergonic reaction? In which type of reaction do the products have more energy than the reactants? Why?

3. How do metabolic pathways keep from reaching equilibrium?

4. Describe the components of ATP. What is the purpose of ATP in the cell? How is it recycled?

5. What is meant by the E_A of a reaction? How do enzymes affect the E_A and the DG of a reaction?

6. Describe the cycle of an enzyme as it catalyzes a reaction.

7. How does an enzyme lower the E_A of a reaction?

8. What is the difference between a competitive and a non-competitive inhibitor of an enzyme? Which type of inhibition can be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration? Why?

9. Describe how an allosteric enzyme works.

10. Why is feedback inhibition important in metabolic pathways?

11. Define Energy. What are the different types of Energy?

12. What are the laws of Thermodynamics?

13. Explain redox reactions.

BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Atp Hydrolysis, Exergonic Reaction, Metabolic Pathway

BIO 1130 Full Course Notes

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