BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Electron Donor, Genetic Engineering, Archaea

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIO 1130
• Professor: Gambarotta Sandro

Document Summary

Aerobic uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Characterized by mitochondria in eukaryotic cells which require oxygen to make atp. End of archean dominant environment was aerobic. Do not require oxygen as the final electron acceptor; uses inorganic molecules instead; eg. nitrogen or sulphate. Only prokaryotes are capable of this type of respiration. The first bacteria were anaerobes because there was no oxygen in the early atmosphere. Y-shape protein used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Antigen causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it. The process in which bacteria become build up a defense against antibiotics: drugs that have been formulated to kill them. The genes required can be passed from one bacterium to another through horizontal gene transfer. The more times you take antibiotics the more likely the target bacteria will build up an immunity to the drugs.