BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Punnett Square, Allele Frequency, Directional Selection

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12 Nov 2016

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Evolutionary changes that result from changes in allele frequencies in a population, or in chromosome structure or numbers, due to mutation and recombination. No genetic drift population is large. Gene flow: genes flow out of the population. The traits are a result of multiple alleles. The frequency of the favourable allele increases. The gene disappears from the population completely fixation. Bacteria with anti-(cid:271)ioti(cid:272) resista(cid:374)(cid:272)e (cid:894)(cid:862)super (cid:271)ugs(cid:863)(cid:895) losing the ability to control. Alleles never disappear from the population (can rise and fall) Agriculture (banana never reproduced, only cloned, threat to lose it) Effect of selection: heterozygote advantage (cid:862)aa(cid:863) alleles are (cid:373)ore. Can fight malaria parasite with sickle-cell anemia when you have the heterozygous allele. Selection with multiple loci traits: range of variation. Directional selection: ***must indicate favourable or against, example: birds with shorts tails are at a disadvantage, see generation shifts. Stabilizing selection: selecting the extremes, losing variation in the population not alleles.

Related Questions

1. A) Explain how changes in the environment drive evolutionary change. B) Provide and explain an example

2. A) Explain how the Hardy-Weinberg equation allows us to find evidence of evolution. B) Could processes other than Natural Selection result in deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? List and explain each one: C) define what the process is and D) the effect it has on the allele frequency.

3. A gene that is responsible for multiple traits (pleiotropy), for example the same allele causes sickle-cell anemia and provides resistance to malaria. Would a gene that controls these two traits respond equally to natural selection favoring malaria resistance as a non-pleitropic gene that only controls malaria resistance? Explain your answer.

4. A) Explain how lack of genetic variation limits evolution and provide an example. B) Explain how epistasis limits evolution and provide an example

Questions 5-6 are based on the following:

Letâs say you are studying a population of Japanese four oâclock plants. In these plants, the allele for red color flower shows incomplete dominance over the allele for white flowers. This is very convenient for this experiment because you can distinguish the heterozygous (pink flowers) from the homozygous dominant (red flowers). For your experiment, you produced a large number of plants, 25% had red flowers, 25% had white flowers and 50% had pink flowers. You transplanted them into different habitats and left some in the lab (using the same proportions in all the habitats). You waited a few years, while plants reproduce for a few generations and then you go back and resample the populations youâve transplanted.

5. In the lab you ensured that all individuals receive all requirements to grow and reproduce and mate randomly. A) What do you expect the distribution of the phenotypes after a few generations breeding in the lab? B) Is the lab population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Yes/No, explain

6. In habitat A, you find that you only have red flowering plants and white flowering plants but there are no pink flowering plants. A) Is the population in habitat A in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Yes/No, explain. B) Which one(s) of the five agents of evolutionary change could be responsible for these results? Explain. C) What type(s) of selection (stabilizing, disruptive, directional, oscillating, etc...) could be responsible for the results in habitat A? Explain

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BIO 1130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Punnett Square, Allele Frequency, Directional Selection

BIO 1130 Full Course Notes

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