BCH 3120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Ketose, Aldose, Monosaccharide

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Biochemistry
• Course: BCH 3120
• Professor: Luc Poitras

Document Summary

Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on earth. The oxidation of carbohydrates is the principal source of energy in non-photosynthetic cells. The human brain gets most of its energy from the metabolism of glucose. One or many carbonyl group (c=o): at the end of a carbon chain (aldose) within a carbon chain (ketose) One or more hydroxyl group (oh) associated to carbon atoms. Carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, proteoglycans and peptidoglycans. Monosaccharides: formed of a single unit (ex: glucose) Disaccharides: formed of 2 units (ex: saccharose = glucose + fructose) Oligosaccharides: a short monosaccharide chain (from 3 to 10), their structure is non-repetitive and complex, they are often bonded to non-carbohydrate molecules (ex: glycoproteins et glycolipids) Polysaccharides: long monosaccharide chains, their structure is repetitive and simple, they are linear (ex: cellulose) or branched (ex: glycogen) Peptidoglycans: long monosaccharide chains bonded to each other by small peptides.