BIOL 260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Intestinal Epithelium, Animal Nutrition, Small Intestine
Document Summary
Outline the major steps of nutrient extraction in animals. Explain how carbohydrates are digested into their component nutrients. Explain how mutualisms between microbes and animals aid digestion. Explain how proteins are digested and compare this to carbohydrate digestion. Predict what would happen to digestion if any step of stomach acid secretion is altered. Often provide some initial digestion of food. Substrate feeders: live in or on food source (e. g. hagfish) Suspension and filter feeders: eat particles in the water column (e. g. baleen whales) Fluid feeders: suck nutrient rich fluid from host (e. g. mosquitos) Bulk feeders: ingest large pieces of food (e. g. humans, snakes) Digestion - breaking food down into its component molecules. Mouth: mechanical digestion through chewing and chemical digestion through salivary glands. Stomach: mechanical digestion includes peristaltic mixing and propulsion, and chemical digestion of proteins and fats (most digestion in the stomach) Caecum: small pouch between the small and large intestion.
