BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, Pyruvic Acid
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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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Glucose is the most common fuel molecule in animals, plants, and microbes. It is the starting molecule for glycolysis , which results in the partial oxidation of glucose and the synthesis of a relatively small amount of both atp and reduced electron carriers. Glycolysis literally means splitting sugar, an apt name because in glycolysis a 6-carbon sugar (glucose) is split in two, yielding two 3-carbon molecules. The process is anaerobic because oxygen is not consumed. Glycolysis begins with a molecule of glucose and produces two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate and a net total of two molecules of atp and two molecules of the electron carrier nadh. Glycolysis is a series of 10 chemical reactions. These reactions can be divided into three phases: The first phase prepares glucose for the next two phases by the addition of two phosphate groups to glucose. To supply that energy and provide the phosphate groups, two molecules of atp are hydrolyzed per molecule of glucose.