PSYCH212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Reinforcement, Contiguity, Observational Learning
14 Dec 2017
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Document Summary
Learning: process through which experience causes permanent change in knowledge or behaviour. Behavioural learning theories: explanations of learning that focus on external events as the cause of changes in observable behaviours: change in observable behaviour, learning is a permanent change in behaviour. Cognitive change: emphasis on external events, what contributes, enhances, sustains, maintains, and changes behaviour. Aristotle: we remember things together when they are similar, when they contrast, and when they are contiguous, contiguity: association of two events because of repeated pairing. Classical conditioning: association of automatic responses with new stimuli. Respondents: responses (generally automatic or involuntary) elicited by specific stimuli. Neutral stimulus: stimulus not connected to a response. Unconditioned stimulus: stimulus that automatically produces an emotional or physiological response. Unconditioned response: naturally occurring emotional or physiological response. Conditioned stimulus: stimulus that evokes an emotional or physiological response after conditioning. Operant conditioning: learning in which voluntary behaviour is strengthened or weakened by consequences or antecedents.
