ECON302 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Darning, Money Supply, Infor

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18 May 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Economics

Course

ECON302

Professor

Nafeez Fatima

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Document Summary

Chapter eleven: inflation, money growth, and interest rates. Inflation is the continuing upward movement in p. The typical pattern for most countries is that long-run economic growth steadily raises real gdp, y, and thereby continually expands the real demand for money, (y, i). Although these effects could be offset by financial innovations that reduced (y, i), the usual pattern is that, on net, the real quantity of money, m/p, trends upwards (along with real quantity of money demanded) Consequently, p would trend downward if the nominal quantity of money, m, did not change. Money growth rates differ substantially across countries and over time for a single country. The change in the price level from year 1 to year 2 is; p1 = p2 p1. The inflation rate from year 1 to year 2, , is; 1 = p1 / p1. In situations where prices are falling, p2 < p1, and 1 < 0, the economy is facing deflation.

Related Questions

1.Purchasing power parity implies that

a. the real exchange rate is equal to 1.

b. the law of one price does not hold.

c. inflation rates are equal across countries.

d. the real exchange rate is equal to 0.

e. if the domestic country has low prices, then the domestic currency will depreciate until foreign citizens can buy the same amount of goods as domestic citizens.

2.Which of the following is a prediction from the PPP model of exchange rates?

A. An increase in the US money supply leads to an appreciation of the dollar in the long run.

B. An increase in US production leads to a depreciation of the dollar.

C. An increase in US production will lead to a proportional increase in the inflation rate.

D, An increase in the US money supply leads to a depreciation of the dollar in the long run.

E.An increase in the US interest rates leads to a fall in prices.

3.Relative purchasing power parity predicts that

A.the difference between the inflation rates in the two countries should equal the ratio of the interest rates in the two countries.

B. the difference between the inflation rates in two countries should equal the per cent change in the exchange rate.

C.inflation rates should be equal across countries.

D.the real exchange rate should equal one.

E.relative price levels in the two countries should be equal when expressed in the same currency.

4.Which of the following is NOT a valid explanation for the failure of purchasing power parity?

a. Differences in monetary policies across countries

b. Lack of competition

c. Transportation costs

d. Trade barriers

5.If P represents (the level of) domestic prices, P* represents (the level of) foreign prices and E represents the exchange rate as units of domestic currency per units of foreign currency, then the real exchange rate equals

a. EP/P*	b. P*/EP
C. E/PP*	d. EP*/P
e. P/P*

6.The difference between nominal and real interest rates is that

A.Nominal interest rates are measured in terms of a country's output, while real interest rates are measured in monetary terms

B.Nominal interest rates are measured in monetary terms, while real interest rates are measured in terms of a country's output

C.Nominal interest rates can fluctuate, while real interest rates always remain fixed

D.Real interest rates can fluctuate, while nominal interest rates always remain fixed

E.Real interest rates are the same in every country, while nominal interest rates are different for every country

7.Which of the following is predicted to cause the value (or price or cost) of U.S. goods to appreciate relative to the value (or price or cost) of foreign goods in the long run?

a. An increase in the growth rate of U.S. GNP. b. A decrease in the growth rate of U.S. GNP.

c. A decline in the growth rate of the U.S. money supply.

d. An increase in the price of petroleum that reduces world demand for American cars. e. An appreciation of the dollar.

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1.The classical theory of inflation

A. Is also known as the quantity theory of money.

B.was developed by some of the earliest economic thinkers.

C.is used by most modern economists to explain the long-run determinants of the inflation rate.

D.All of the above are correct.

2.To explain the long-run determinants of the price level and the inflation rate, most economists today rely on the

A.quantity theory of money.

B.price-index theory of money.

C.theory of hyperinflation.

D.disequilibrium theory of money and inflation.

3.When the price level rises, the number of dollars needed to buy a representative basket of goods

A.increases, and so the value of money rises.

B.increases, and so the value of money falls.

C.decreases, and so the value of money rises.

D.decreases, and so the value of money falls

4.The supply of money is determined by

A.the price level.

B.the Treasury and Congressional Budget Office.

C.the Federal Reserve System.

D.the demand for money.

6.Economic variables whose values are measured in monetary units are called

A.dichotomous variables.

B.nominal variables.

C.classical variables.

D.real variables.

7.Economic variables whose values are measured in goods are called

A.dichotomous variables.

B.nominal variables.

C.classical variables.

D.real variables.

7.The classical dichotomy refers to the idea that the supply of money

A. is irrelevant for understanding the determinants of nominal and real variables.

B.determines nominal variables, but not real variables.

C.determines real variables, but not nominal variables.

D.is a determinant of both real and nominal variables.

8.According to the classical dichotomy, when the money supply doubles, which of the following also doubles?

A.the price level

B.nominal wages

C.nominal GDP

D.All of the above are correct.

9.Monetary neutrality implies that an increase in the quantity of money will

A.increase employment.

B.increase the price level.

C.increase the incentive to save.

D.not increase any of the above.

10.The velocity of money is

A.the rate at which the Fed puts money into the economy.

B.the same thing as the long-term growth rate of the money supply.

C.the money supply divided by nominal GDP.

D.the average number of times per year a dollar is spent.

11.If M = 4,000, P = 1.5, and Y= 6,000, what is velocity?

A.2.25

B.3.00

C.6.50

D.None of the above is correct.

12.According to the assumptions of the quantity theory of money, if the money supply increases by 5 per cent, then

A.nominal and real GDP would rise by 5 per cent.

B.nominal GDP would rise by 5 per cent; real GDP would be unchanged.

C.nominal GDP would be unchanged; real GDP would rise by 5 per cent.

D.neither nominal GDP nor real GDP would change.

13.The inflation tax refers to

A.the revenue a government creates by printing money.

B.higher inflation which requires more frequent price changes.

C.the idea that other things the same, an increase in the tax rate raises the inflation rate.

D.taxes being indexed for inflation.

14.The inflation tax falls most heavily on

A.those who hold a lot of currency and accounts for a large share of U.S. government revenue.

B.those who hold a lot of currency but accounts for a small share of U.S. government revenue.

C.those who hold little currency and accounts for a large share of U.S. government revenue.

D.those who hold little currency but accounts for a small share of U.S. government revenue.

15.The claim that increases in the growth rate of the money supply increase nominal interest rates but not real interest rates is known as the

A.Friedman Effect.

B.Hume Effect.

C.Fisher Effect.

D.None of the above is correct.

16.The nominal interest rate is 3 per cent and the inflation rate is 2 per cent. What is the real interest rate?

A.6 per cent

B.5 per cent

C.1.5 per cent

D.1 per cent

17.Which of the following helps to explain why the inflation fallacy is a fallacy?

A.Increases in the price level can be created by increases in money demand.

B.Nominal incomes tend to rise at the same time that the price level is rising.

C.As the price level rises, the value of a dollar falls.

D.Inflation only changes nominal variables.

18.The shoe-leather cost of inflation refers to

A.the re distributional effects of unexpected inflation.

B.the time spent searching for low prices when inflation rises.

C.the waste of resources used to maintain lower money holdings.

D.the increased cost to the government of printing more money.

19.Which of the following is an example of menu costs?

A.deciding on new prices

B.printing new price-lists

C.advertising new prices

D.All of the above are examples of menu costs.

20.Which of the following are U.S. taxpayers allowed to adjust for inflation for income taxes?

A.both interest in income and capital gains.

B.interest income but not capital gains.

C.capital gains but net interest income.

D.neither interest income nor capital gains.

21.You put money into an account and earn a real interest rate of 4 per cent. Inflation is 2 per cent, and your marginal tax rate is 20 per cent. What is your after-tax real rate of interest?

A.1.2 per cent

B.2.8 per cent

C.4.8 per cent

D.None of the above is correct.

22.Which of the following is correct? Inflation

A.impedes financial markets in their role of allocating resources.

B.reduces the purchasing power of the average consumer.

C.generally increases after-tax real interest rates.

D.is most costly when anticipated.

23.Wealth is redistributed from creditors to debtors when inflation is

A.high, whether it is expected or not.

B.low, whether it is expected or not.

C.unexpectedly high.

D.unexpectedly low.

amberdinosaur553

Ryan savedâ $50,000 last year in his bank account so that he could buy a car this year. In thisâ case, money served the function of aâ ________.

means of deferred payment

unit of account

store of value

medium of exchange

A bank is said to have enough liquidityâ if:

it holds deposits amounting to at leastâ $100,000.

it operates for seven days a week for more than 12 hours a day.

it has enough funds to conduct its

dayminusâtominusâday

businesses and meet the regulatory requirements.

the value of its assets exceeds the value of its liabilities by at leastâ $50,000.

Consider an economy that only produces wooden chairs. Inâ 2012, the economy produced 100 wooden chairs priced atâ $10 each. The nominal GDP of the economy for the year 2012 willâ be:

â$10,000.

â$10.

â$100.

â$1,000.

Hyperinflationary episodes are always related to extremely rapid growthâ of:

real GDP.

money supply.

interest rates.

money demand.

Which of the following financial organizations have the ability to influence the supply of reserves in the Unitedâ States?

The World Bank

The Fed

Only private commercial banks

Only public sector banks

A retired worker receives a pension that is not indexed to inflation. Which of the following will happen if the rate of inflationâ rises?

The retiree will be better off.

Theâ retiree's purchasing power will fall.

The shareholders of the firm in which he worked will lose.

Theâ retiree's purchasing power will increase.

Assuming all elseâ equal, what is likely to happen to the demand curve for reserves in an economy if it goes through a period of rapidâ expansion?

There will be a n upward movement along the demand curve for reserves.

The demand curve for reserves will shift to the left.

There will be a downward movement along the demand curve for reserves.

The demand curve for reserves will shift to the right.

If the nominal interest rate in an economy isâ 9% and the expected inflation rate isâ 6%, then the expected real interest rate in the economyâ is:

â15%.

â9%.

â6%.

â3%.

If nominal GDPâ increases, what might be the cause of thisâ increase?

If nominal GDPâ increases, this could be causedâ by:

â(Select

all that

apply.â)

An increase in the price level

Deflation

An increase in real GDP

A decrease in the price level

Given the followingâ information, what is the growth rate of nominalâ GDP?

Upper Y 0Y0

real GDPâ =

â$10001000

â(in millions)

Upper Y 1Y1

real GDPâ =

â$11001100

â(in millions)

Upper Y 0Y0

price levelâ = 120120

Upper Y 1Y1

price levelâ = 130130The growth rate of nominal GDP is

nothing â%.

â (Round

your answer to the nearest

hundredth.â)

According to the quantity theory ofâ money, what must the growth rate of the money supply be given the followingâ information?

The growth rate of real GDP is

1.01.0â%.

The growth rate of nominal GDP is

3.83.8â%.

The nominal interest rate is

7.17.1â%.

The real interest rate is

4.34.3â%.

The money supplyâ (M2) is

â$10 comma 61210,612

â(in billions)According to the quantity theory ofâ money, the growth rate of the money supply must be

nothing â%.

â (Round

your answer to the nearest

tenth.â)

According to the quantity theory ofâ money, what is the inflationâ rate?

Use the information given above and calculate the inflation rate.

According to the quantity theory ofâ money, the inflation rate is

nothing â%.

â (Round

your answer to the nearest

tenth.â)

According to the quantity theory ofâ money, the inflation rate is

the ratio of money supply to nominal GDP.

the gap between the growth rate of money supply and the growth rate of real GDP.

the gap between the nominal and real interest rates.

the gap between the growth rate of money supply and the growth rate of nominal GDP.

If the inflation rate is

positivepositiveâ,

what must beâ true?

The growth rate of nominal GDP

greater than>

the growth rate of money supply.

The growth rate of real GDP

less than<

the growth rate of money supply.

The growth rate of real GDP

greater than>

the growth rate of money supply.

The growth rate of nominal GDP

less than<

the growth rate of money supply.

An open market operation isâ ____________.

the process of sellingâ Fed-issued IOUs between banks.

an exchange between a private bank and the Federal Reserve where the Fed buys or sells government bonds to private banks.

where a bank borrows reserves or bonds from the Federalâ Reserve's discount window.

an exchange between private banks where the banks buy or sell bonds to each other.

The Federal Reserve conducts open market operations when it wants toâ ____________.

change the liquidity levels of banks.

influence the discount rate.

influence the federal funds rate.

change the level of reserves it holds for banks.

When the Fed

sellssells

government bonds

toto

privateâ banks, it

â¼

the electronic reserves that banks hold.

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ECON302 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Darning, Money Supply, Infor

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