EARTH121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Calcium Sulfate, Hornblende, Birefringence
21 Dec 2017
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Earth"s (cid:272)rust & o(cid:272)ea(cid:374)s are great sour(cid:272)es for (cid:373)a(cid:374)(cid:455) useful a(cid:374)d esse(cid:374)tial (cid:373)i(cid:374)erals. Minerals must follow those 5 criteria; anything human-made is not a mineral. Rock: solid mass or mineral or mineral-like materials that occurs naturally in our planet. Some rocks are only formed from one mineral like limestone is only composed of calcite. Some rocks have non-mineral matter like (volcanic rocks) obsidian & pumice which are composed of non-crystalline, glassy substances; and coal (consists of organic matter) ~4660 minerals defined by combo of chemical and internal structure; every sample of a mineral has same elements joined together in a pattern; 118 elements are known where 90 are naturally occurring. Some minerals like gold and sulphur consist of only one element but most are combos. Chemical compounds are dramatically dff from the properties of elements composing it. Minerals are chemical compounds & v dff from the elements composing them.
