NUTR 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Marasmus, Fluid Balance, Kwashiorkor

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20 Mar 2017

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All of the essential amino acids humans need are present in complete proteins. Incomplete proteins are missing or short in one or more of the essential amino acids. Complementary proteins are two or more proteins that can be combined to provide all the essential amino acids. In general, combine grains, nuts, or seeds with legumes. Incomplete proteins foods can be combined with complete protein foods. The amount of protein needed is related to age, gender and body size. Children and teens have a higher proportional need for protein than people who are no longer growing. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding need extra protein. Illness and injury increase the need for protein. 14 to 18 year old males: 52 grams/day. 14 to 18 year old females: 46 grams/day. 10 to 35% of daily calories should come from protein. Nutrition facts panels give the amount of protein in grams. To meet protein needs, follow the food guide.

Related Questions

question 1

What would be the best guideline to a healthy diet according to your instructor which is validated by other resources.

	1.	Eat organic foods and primarily non-GMO foods.
	2.	Eat all your meals at home.
	3.	Eat a variety of foods.
	4.	Eat a vegetarian diet.

5.00000 points

QUESTION 2

A complete protein has all the 20 amino acids: 9 are essential for our body to consume and 11 our body makes on its own. We need 9 + 11 = complete protein to build muscle, repair cells, keep our immune system working properly, etc.

True

False

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QUESTION 3

It shouldn't be hard to reverse the GMO guidelines in this county.

True

False

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QUESTION 4

Out of a variety of foods you could eat, which one will make you feel the most full?

		Milkshake
		Salad
		Hamburg
		Beer, wine or hard liquors

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QUESTION 5

Which food has been identified as the food that cultures and people who have lived a very long life have always had in their diet?

		Chocolate
		Vegetables
		Whole grains
		Beans

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QUESTION 6

When we eat animal products: fish, turkey, chicken, duck, pork, beef, eggs, etc., these proteins when cooked give the body all the amino acids it needs to do the bodily functions that are dependent on protein.

True

False

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QUESTION 7

Trying new foods has value. Different foods gives the body more nutrition than having the same foods everyday. Your perception of food does change, thus how many times do you recommend to your family and friends to try a food they may not normally like throughout their life?

		2-3
		90-100
		7-8
		20

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QUESTION 8

Supplements should be taken with caution because they are unregulated by the FDA, they do not fall in the category of being food or medication.

True

False

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QUESTION 9

There is little scientific evidence that organic foods are more nutritious than conventionally grown foods.

True

False

QUESTION 11

A sustainable environment means to be maintained indefinitely and when we use products that have been altered by GMO's, genetically modified organisms, those crops cannot reproduce themselves.

True

False

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QUESTION 12

Which foods would not make a complement of 20 amino acids, to make a complete protein?

		Corn and beans
		Brown rice and peas
		Peanut butter and white bread
		Yogurt and walnuts

5.00000 points

QUESTION 13

Which nutrition tip would you not recommend?

		It is recommended to chew your food well.
		It is recommended to go long periods of time without eating to loose weight.
		When you eat out you can expect to get more salt and fat from the food.
		Eating often will not cause weight gain because one is less likely to overeat.

5.00000 points

QUESTION 14

Regarding fiber, which one is not correct?

		If you want to add fiber in your diet also eat the seeds and skins in fruits and vegetables.
		The removal of the outer husk or bran from our wheat diminished the integrity of our grains.
		The lack of fiber in the Western diet (that's our diet) was causing gastrointestinal problems that many countries and continents had not seen: diverticulitis, diverticulosis, constipation, increase in colon cancers, etc.
		You cannot eat too much fiber.

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QUESTION 15

Whey protein is a protein in milk that is most efficient in building muscle.

True

False

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QUESTION 16

Quinoa has been around for thousands of years, it is gluten free and a complete protein.

True

False

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QUESTION 17

Most of us donât get enough Vitamin D since our sun exposure is limited in the northern states. Vitamin D is made in our body with the help of the ultraviolet rays from the sun being absorbed by the skin. Vitamin D is vital for our immune system, skeletal structure hormone balance, and other bodily functions.

In answering this question, the other way we can get Vitamin D is primarily by eating fruits.

True

False

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QUESTION 18

The hypothalamus is our brain's appetite control center.

True

False

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QUESTION 19

The following explains information about antioxidants but one, which one is incorrect?

		We can't stop aging or get rid of the sun or live in a perfectly clean world but we can provide our body antioxidants that will fight free radicals.
		We know from our readings antioxidants are vitamin K and the minerals biotin and selenium.
		The foods with antioxidants are: all berries are great (strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, etc.), green leafy vegetables, carrots, tomatoes, dark chocolate, nuts, kidney beans and all beans, all herbs and foods mother nature provides us.
		The most effective compounds that can fight off free radicals are antioxidants, just as the name implies they counteract oxidation, the harmful reaction that takes place.

5.00000 points

QUESTION 20

It's best to drink beverages without calories. The calories from food leave us more satisfied than fluids and it's much easier to get additional unwanted calories from sodas, juices and lattes.

True False

5.00000 points

1. How does prenatal body weight influence theamount of weight a woman should gain during pregnancy?

2. At what week of gestation does the embryonicperiod begin? When does the fetal period begin? When is the mostlikely time a teratogen can do the most damage, during theembryonic or fetal period?

3. What risks are there to a baby if the mothergains too little weight during the pregnancy? What risks are thereto a baby if the mother gains too much weight during thepregnancy?

4. What is the relationship between mercury,fish and pregnancy?

5. What are some of the common gastrointestinaldistresses pregnant women experience? What remedies are availableto manage them?

6. What is fetal alcohol syndrome? How can itbe prevented? When can it be most accurately diagnosed?

7. How does the MyPlate food guidance systemsupport a healthy pregnancy?

8. Why is a prenatal dietary supplementrecommended throughout pregnancy?

9. What benefits are there to exercising duringpregnancy? How should exercise be modified during eachtrimester?

10. What is one of the best ways to trackgrowth in children? What are you looking for when you trackgrowth?

11. What benefits to the infant are provided bybreastfeeding?

12. What benefits to the mother are provided bybreastfeeding?

13. What nutrients are vital for supportingdental health in infants and children?

14. Although breast milk has advantages overformula, breastfeeding not recommend if the nursing mother haswhich conditions?

15. At what age is it safe to switch fromformula or breast milk to cowâs milk?

16. Which solid foods should be introducedfirst and at what age and why: cereals, vegetables, andfruits?

17. Do infants have the same AMDRs as adults?If not, how are they different? Is the grams/kg body weight forprotein higher or lower for an infant compared to a teenager oradult?

18. Does eating sugary foods lead tohyperactivity in children? If not, what does?

19. What is the division of responsibilitybetween caregivers and children for feeding?

20. How would you outline a healthy dailyschedule and meal/snack pattern to follow for a preschooler and aschool-aged child?

21. Can the MyPlate tool support childhoodnutrition? How? What other tools can be used?

22. What are the consequences of obesity inchildhood? How can childhood obesity be prevented?

23. How can food allergies be prevented andmanaged in childhood?

24. The rapid weight gains that girlsexperience during adolescence begin at what ages? Forboys?

25. Are the AMDR guidelines for adults the sameas for teenagers? What are these guidelines? (Percent calories fromfat? Carbohydrate? Protein?)

26. Why are calcium and iron the most importantminerals for teenagers? Does gender make a difference?

27. If teens are overweight and it isunrealistic to believe they will grow into their current weight?What rate of weight loss is recommended in terms of pound(s) perweek?

28. Describe the typical diets of teens thatsmoke?

29. What is the nutritional consequence alcoholfor teens?

30. Adolescences should be physically activefor how many minutes/day?

31. How does body composition change over theyears? Is there anything one can do to affect this change?

32. Does Basal metabolic rate increase ordecrease with age? Why? Will the elderly need more or fewercalories per kilo body weight than those who are middleaged?

33. Do the elderly need more or less fluid percalorie intake than younger adults? Why?

34. If an elderly person has osteoporosis, canhe or she do anything to improve this condition?

35. How can a poverty-stricken older adult beassured of eating healthy meals on a regular basis?

36. Why is exercise important for theelderly?

37. How many calories are there in a gram ofalcohol? Why does consuming 2 alcoholic drinks in a man has thesame physiological affect as one drink for a woman?

38. What practices will decrease the rate ofalcohol absorption into the blood?

39. Define moderate alcohol intake in terms ofdrinks per day for men and women and say how it relates to HDLcholesterol.

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NUTR 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Marasmus, Fluid Balance, Kwashiorkor

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