BIOM 3090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Angiotensin, Antihypertensive Drug, Cardiovascular Disease
9 Jun 2018
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Learning outcomes
1) Describe the basic physiology/pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system
2) Name major groups of cardiovascular drugs and give examples from each group
3) Describe the mechanisms of action of major groups of cardiovascular drugs
4) List major toxicities of cardiovascular drugs
5) Drugs used to treat: hypertension, heart failure, angina and arrhythmias
Hypertension
- most common cardiovascular disease: ~ 23% of Canadian adults diagnosed with it
- many potential causes: genetic factors, environmental factors, psychological stress, diet
- If left untreated→ damage to blood vessels, renal failure, coronary disease, stroke
- Treatment → slow blood vessel damage and decreases morbidity and mortality
Normal regulation of blood pressure
- BP = CO X PVR
- Anatomy of BP control
o Arterioles (resistance)
o Venules (capacitance)
o Heart (rate/cardiac output)
o Kidney (blood volume)
- Same mechanisms of blood pressure control in
hypertensive and normotensive individuals – set
point difference
- Baroreceptors
o Moment to moment regulation of blood
pressure
o In carotid artery and aorta – monitor stretch of blood vessels
o Increase stretch → baroreceptor stimulation → decrease SNS activity
o Decrease stretch → decrease baroreceptor activity → increase SNS activity
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
o Kidney controls long-term blood pressure by controlling blood volume
o Decrease BP in renal arterioles → increase renin → increase angiotensin II (renin
also stimulated by SNS activation of beta1)
o Angiotensin II → contriction of vessels and increase aldosterone
▪ Increase aldosterone → increase Na+ retention and increase blood volume
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