BIOL 1090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Missense Mutation, Silent Mutation, Nonsense Mutation
Document Summary
Mutations can arise spontaneously as a result of an error during dna synthesis. Incorporation of rare isoforms of the four bases that have altered base pairing properties. Nitrogenous bases of dna exist in two isoforms (tautomers) Incorporation of a rare isoform during dna replication can lead to a change in dna sequence. Somatic mutation of this kind may affect the individual in which they occur in dramatic ways however this will not be passed to offspring. Occurrence of mutation is very random however the effects are not: germ line mutations. Hot spots for spontaneous mutation during dna replication. Divided into 2 groups: mutagenic only to replicating dna, mutagenic to both replicating and non-replicating dna. Can also be induced by expose to radiation. The genetic code is degenerate, most amino acids are specified by more than one codon. The genetic code is (nearly) universal , with few exceptions. 64 codons but only 20 amino acids.
