BIOL 1090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Cell Membrane, Golgi Apparatus

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3 Dec 2014

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Synthesis of integral membrane proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. Synthesis of transmembrane proteins (except for those in mitochondria and chloroplasts) cytosol lumen of er. Function cytosol nucleus protein synthesis, many metabolic pathways contains genome, dna, rna synthesis, ribosome assembly endoplasmic reticulum (er) synthesis of lipids, synthesis of proteins. Golgi apparatus lysosomes endosomes mitochondria chloroplasts peroxisomes protein modification, packaging of proteins and lipids degradation of cellular material sorting, recycling. Atp synthesis, apoptosis photosynthesis, atp synthesis oxidation of toxic molecules. Membrane and er lumen bud off to form. Transport vesicles fuse to form larger vesicles & Region between er & golgi complex interconnected tubules. These then form the cis-golgi network" (cgn) Material moves from er to golgi and then to the plasma membrane and other compartments. Smooth, flattened, disk-like cisternae (~ 0. 5 - 1 micron in diameter) ~ 8 (or fewer) cisternae/stack (range from a few to several 1000 stacks per cell)

Related Questions

1) In the major biosynthetic pathway, what is the order in which mRNA moves through the various organelles?

2) Compare and contrast the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

3) Is SAR1 COPI or COPII? What type of protein is this? What causes SAR1 to active and what protein is necessary for this to occur?
4) Dynamin binds where clathrin meets the plasma membrane. As dynamin binds, it forms a ring that is then pinched so that the vesicle can be released from the plasma membrane. What allows for this to occur?

5) What are three different mechanisms of protein translocation? Briefly describe the state of the proteins when translocated in each of these ways.

6) What is the KDEL sequence stand for and how does it function within the cell? What type of transport is it associated with?

7) In what cellular compartment would a glycoprotein be expected to have its greatest mannose content? Its greatest N-acetylglucosamine content? Its greatest sialic acid content?

8) Would you expect the properties of the cisternal side of Golgi membranes to be more similar to the extracellular or cytosolic side of the plasma membrane? Why?

9) ________ are the site of cellular digestion, in which digestion occurs with the help of 50 __________. _____ digest proteins and ____ digest lipids.

10) Name two proteins you would expect to find as integral components of the RER membrane that would be absent from the SER? Name two proteins of the SER that would not be present in the RER?

QUESTION 30

The function of centrosome is:

	1.	Microtubule initiation and organization in animal cells
	2.	Organization of thin filaments
	3.	Depolymerization of microtubules
	4.	Organization of intermediate filaments

2.5 points

QUESTION 31

The destinations of proteins synthesized on "free" ribomsomes include:

	1.	Endoplasmic reticulum
	2.	Nucleus
	3.	Mitochondria
	4.	Lysosomes

2.5 points

QUESTION 32

Microtubules can be assembled and disassembled quickly in response to the cellular changes is because:

	1.	Cells synthesize tubulin proteins very fast.
	2.	Cells can turn other cytoskeletal filaments into microtubules
	3.	Microtubules have an instable plus end and microtubules are probably organized by weak non-covalent interactions
	4.	The motor proteins of microtubules can organize the microtubules in response to the cellular changes

2.5 points

QUESTION 33

Both signal recognition particle and a translocon in rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane can recognize and bind to the signal sequence of a secretory protein, so they play the exact same role during protein co-translational translocation.

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 34

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is so named is because:

	1.	It has many proteins associated with its surface.
	2.	It has ribosomes associated with its cytosolic surface.
	3.	It is associated with nuclear membrane.
	4.	It has vesicles budding off its surface.

2.5 points

QUESTION 35

The membrane vesicles that transport materials between membrane compartments have a protein coat. The protein coat has similar functions in different vesicles. These functions include:

	1.	Help the enclosed material fold correctly.
	2.	Help degrade the protein in the vesicles
	3.	Maintain the internal pH of the vesicles
	4.	Function as mechanical device to form a vesicle and select the components to be carried by a vesicle.

2.5 points

QUESTION 36

Lysosomes are important for:

	1.	Receptor-mediated endocytosis.
	2.	Breaking down foreign particles brought into the cells by endosomes
	3.	Regulating the process of organelle turnover.
	4.	Protein trafficking between membrane compartments

2.5 points

QUESTION 37

Which of the following is correct about membrane biosynthesis?

	1.	Membranes are synthesized in Golgi Complex.
	2.	Membranes arise from preexisting endoplasmic reticulum membranes.
	3.	Membranes are synthesized on ribosomes.
	4.	Membranes of all organelles have the same composition of proteins and lipids, since they all originate from endoplasmic reticulum.

2.5 points

QUESTION 38

During skeletal muscle contractions, the shortening of the muscle fibers is because of:

		The shortening of the thin and thick myofilaments.
		The shortening of the cytoskeletal filaments.
		The kinesin proteins moving over microtubules.
		The actin and myosin filaments sliding over each other.

2.5 points

QUESTION 39

The assembly and disassembly of microtubules is regulated by rate of growth and shrinkage of the plus end.

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 40

The functions of Golgi complex include:

	1.	O-linked oligosaccharides and most of a cellâs complex polysaccharides are assembled in Golgi complex
	2.	Cis Golgi complex sorts proteins
	3.	Trans Golgi complex segregates proteins in different types of vesicles for dilevery.
	4.	N-linked oligosaccharides are further processed in Golgi complex

ochrecoyote721

The vesicles that transport materials from donor membranes to acceptor membranes include:

	1.	COP-II coated vesicles
	2.	COP-III coated vesicles
	3.	COP-I coated vesicles
	4.	Clathrin coated vesicles

2.5 points

QUESTION 11

During skeletal muscle contraction, the roles of ATP include:

	1.	ATP is not required for forming the crossbridges between myosin and actin filaments.
	2.	ATP is utilized as a structural linker to mediate the interaction between myosin and actin filaments
	3.	Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy for myosin head to move along actin filaments and the binding of ATP to myosin head allows the detachment of myosin fromactin filaments.
	4.	ATP binds to actin filaments to drive the power stroke of myosin head.

2.5 points

QUESTION 12

One of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is

	1.	Synthesizing steroid hormone in the endocrine cells of the gonad and adrenal cortex
	2.	Serves as the starting point of the biosynthetic pathway
	3.	Synthesizing secretory proteins
	4.	Degrading cell debris

2.5 points

QUESTION 13

The function of COP-II coated vesicles is mainly:

	1.	Transporting materials from endosomes to Golgi complex
	2.	Moving materials from the ER to the ERGIC and Golgi complex.
	3.	Transporting materials from Golgi complex back to endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	Involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.

2.5 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following processes is completed in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

	1.	Chaperones help misfolded proteins fold correctly.
	2.	Proteins that target to nucleus are synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
	3.	O-linked glycosylation occurs in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	Misfolded proteins are destructed in rough endoplamic reticulum.

2.5 points

QUESTION 15

Kinesin is the motor protein that coorporates with microtubules. It has the following functions:

	1.	It uses GTP as energy source.
	2.	It can hydrolyze ATP and use the energy to drive cargo along microtubules from minus end to plus end.
	3.	It has a globular head that can act as GTPase
	4.	The tail of kinesin is more diverse and binds to cargo

2.5 points

QUESTION 16

For correct segregation and trafficking, lysosomal proteins are tagged in the cis-Golgi with phosphorylated mannose residues, and then the tagged lysosomal enzymes are recruited to clathrin coated vesicles by mannose 6-phosphate receptors.

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 17

The process that specialized cells, such macrophages, engulf relatively large particles is:

	1.	Called pinocytosis
	2.	Called phagocytosis
	3.	Mediated by COP-II coated vesicles
	4.	Called autophagy

2.5 points

QUESTION 18

Proteins synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are imported co-translationally to their destinations

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 19

Treatment of cells with a drug that promotes microtubule disassembly disperses Golgi complex into separate stacks of membrane compartments, suggesting that:

	1.	Golgi complex is made of microtubules.
	2.	Microtubules are important for the organization of Golgi complex.
	3.	Microtubules are transported into Golgi complex
	4.	Golgi complex is composed of tubulin proteins

2.5 points

QUESTION 20

Which of the following is correct about signal sequence of a secretory protein?

	1.	It is an âaddress codesâ for protein trafficking pathways
	2.	It is usually located at the C-terminus.
	3.	It targets the ribosome and the protein that is being synthesized to endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	It is removed in Golgi complex.

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BIOL 1090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Cell Membrane, Golgi Apparatus

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