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CHEM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Antoine Lavoisier, Atomic Number, Mass Number

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CHEM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Antoine Lavoisier, Atomic Number, Mass Number

CHEM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Electromagnetic Radiation, Classical Mechanics, Refraction

CHEM101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Gas-Filled Tube, Classical Mechanics, Matter Wave

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Law of conservation of mass - lavoisier (1879) a. Matter is never created or destroyed it changes form. Law of definitive proportions - proust (1799) a. b. A compound is always comprised of the same component elements in fixed ratios. Co2 is always 1 c to 2 o. co and so2 are different compounds. For a given compound we stick with the ratio elements with the smallest whole numbers. Dalton came up with these theories to help explain what was happening as we could not physically see what was happening. Each element is made of indivisible tiny particles called atoms. Atoms of a same element is identical; atoms of different elements are different. Compounds are the results of the combination of different atoms in specific ratio. Reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, the way that they are bound to each other. While these theories made significant advances in chemistry we know today that there are flaws in the theories.

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Related Questions

Science Tutor: Chemistry Name: Mixtures, Solutions, &Compounds: Chemical Equations Date Chemical Equations If a chemical symbol can be thought of as a letter and a chemical formula as a word in the language of chemistry, then a chemical equation is a statement or sentence. A chemical equation is a shorthand way of describing a chemical reaction between two or more substances. A "+ sign means "combines with." An arrow points away from the reactants and toward the products (See page 10), and an arrow means "yields." 2Na + Cl2 â 2NaCl means sodium combines with chlorine to yield sodiumn chloride (salt) Look closely at the equation above. Notice the "2" in front of NaCI on the right and Na on the left. That 2, called a coefficient, is necessary to make this equation balance. Remember Antoine Lavoisier? (Page 15) Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The same number of each kind of atom must be on both sides of a chemical equation. Because chlorine only exists as a molecule consisting of two chlorine atoms, it requires two atoms of sodium to yield two molecules of salt (NaCI). This illustrates another important law stated clearly by the French chemist Joseph-Louis Proust in 1799. Chemical compounds always combine in certain specific fixed proportions. Wherever sodium and chlorine combine, two atoms of sodium will be necessary to react with one molecule of gaseous chlorine. 1 . For the equation 2Mg + O2â 2MgO + energy: A. List the reactant or reactants 2Hato B. List the product or products C. How many atoms of magnesium does it take to combine with one molecule of oxygen? D. How many molecules of magnesium oxide are produced in this reaction? 2. Hydrogen can combine with oxygen to produce water. We could write the equation like this: H2 + O2 â H2O. But this equation is unbalanced! Rewrite this equation with the correct coefficients so that an atom of oxygen doesn't disappear! (Be careful. If you add a coefficient to one side you may have to adjust the other. Count all the atoms.) 3. Now that you have the idea, balance the following equations: A, Pho, â PbO + 02 C. Ca + H2O â Ca(OH)2 + H2 How is following a recipe to mix up a batch of biscuits (or any other food item) similar to Proust's law for chemical reactions? 4. OMark Twain Media, Inc., Publishers 17