BIOL 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Facultative Anaerobic Organism, Ammonia, Glycerol

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pucegerbil279

21 Mar 2020

School

University of Alberta

Department

Biology (Biological Sciences)

Course

BIOL 315

Professor

William Allison

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Document Summary

Happens in the absence of oz was the e- transport chain. Organisms that only carry out anaerobic respiration or fermentation and cannot survive. Organisms that can or fermentation in the is present . Respiration summary survive by producing enough 02 absence. 02 but will use of via anaerobic respiration aerobic respiration when oz. Into intermediates of glywlysis , pynvate oxidation or. Is broken down into it"s amino acid constituents broken down. Into it"s amino acids are de . animated i. e acids . After the amino first be the amino groups are removed and excreted. In urea sweat or other waste products . After fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol , 3 - phosphate and fed as an. The of and converts it are generated into acetylwa , which which add to is then. Atp production . fatty acids the fed to removes an aeyl groups from the terminal carbons ( 2c ) citric acid cycle .

Related Questions

Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?

	Fermentation
	An electron transport chain
	Pyruvate oxidation
	Glycolysis
	All of the above

The primary purpose of catabolism is

	generation of ADP.
	generation of ATP.
	oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
	degradation of organic molecules.
	biosynthesis.

What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?

	It is reduced to lactic acid.
	It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
	It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
	It is catabolized in glycolysis.
	It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by

	a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
	b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
	c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?

	Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
	These are other names for glycolysis.
	Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
	Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
	Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate

	a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
	b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
	c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
	d) Both a and b
	e) Both b and c

Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?

	The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid
	The complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ andH₂O
	The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
	The production of ATP from glucose
	The production of ethanol from glucose

A reaction that yields energy has a

	positive ?G_o?.
	negative ?G_o?.
	positive ?E_o?.
	negative ?E_o?.
	negative ?H_o?.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause

	a) electrons generally accompany protons.
	b) protons generally accompany protons.
	c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

10.

Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?

	It involves the reduction of oxygen.
	It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
	It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
	It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
	It does not generate ATP.

plumgnu195

1. Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

a. H2O

b. CO2

c. O2

d. both O2 and CO2

e. both H2O and CO2

2. Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as

a. autotrophs.

b. parasites.

c. heterotrophs.

d. saprophytes.

e. mutualists.

3. The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

a. carbon monoxide.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. hydrocarbons.

d. methane.

e. glucose.

4. The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from

a. carbon dioxide.

b. glucose.

c. ribulose bisphosphate.

d. water.

5. When chlorophyll a molecules absorb energy, the molecules

a. release electrons.

b. release X-rays.

c. release energy.

d. release electrons and X-rays.

e. release electrons and energy.

6. The flow of what particle across the thylakoid membrane powers the production of ATP?

a. electrons

b. hydrogen ions

c. oxygen

d. carbon dioxide

e. phosphate ions 2

7. The light-independent reactions were discovered by

a. M. D. Hatch.

b. Andrew Benson.

c. Melvin Calvin.

d. Robert Hill.

e. both Andrew Benson and Melvin Calvin.

8. For each six atoms of carbon dioxide fixed in the light-independent reactions, how many molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) are produced?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 6

d. 12

e. 15

Chapter 7

9. The ultimate source of energy for living things is

a. the Krebs cycle.

b. fossil fuels.

c. the sun.

d. glycolysis.

e. aerobic respiration.

10. When molecules are broken apart in respiration

a. the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions.

b. the oxygen in the compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source.

c. the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.

d. ATP is converted into ADP.

e. ADP is released as a waste product.

11. ATP

a. can be produced by photosynthesis.

b. is produced in the degradation of organic compounds such as glucose.

c. is generated in anaerobic respiration.

d. is released in aerobic respiration.

e. all of these

12. Which part of the energy-releasing pathway can convert all carbon that enters to carbon dioxide?

a. fermentation

b. glycolysis

c. Krebs cycle

d. electron transport

e. phosphorylation

13. Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?

a. aerobic respiration

b. anaerobic respiration

c. alcoholic fermentation

d. lactate fermentation

e. All liberate the same amount, but through different means.

14. Aerobes use ________ as the final electron acceptor in electron transport phosphorylation.

a. hydrogen

b. carbon

c. oxygen

d. H2O 3

15. Glycolysis depends on a continuous supply of

a. NADP.

b. pyruvate.

c. NAD+.

d. NADH.

e. H2O.

16. Glycolysis

a. occurs in the mitochondria.

b. results in the production of pyruvate.

c. occurs in the cytoplasm.

d. occurs in the mitochondria and results in the production of pyruvate.

e. results in the production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.

17. The end product(s) of glycolysis is(are)

a. acetyl CoA.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. pyruvate.

d. glucose.

e. glucose and carbon dioxide.

18. Which is capable of being reduced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

a. NAD+

b. FAD+

c. ADP

d. NADH

e. NADP+

19. The Krebs cycle takes place in the

a. ribosomes.

b. cytoplasm.

c. nucleus.

d. mitochondria.

e. chloroplasts.

20. The breakdown of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle results in the release of

a. energy.

b. carbon dioxide.

c. oxygen.

d. energy and oxygen.

e. energy and carbon dioxide.

ochremole959

5. Some bacteria live in deep sea vents where no light penetrates, yet are still capable of producing their own reduced carbon (e.g. fixing carbon dioxide). These organisms are classified as

(A) photoheterotroph (B) photoautotroph

(C)chemoheterotroph (D)chemoautotroph

(E) organotroph

6. Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of

(A) ammonium ion to nitrogen gas. (B) nitrogen gas to ammonium ion.

(C)nitrate ion to nitrogen gas. (D)ammonium ion to nitrate ion.

(E) nitrate ion to ammonium ion.

7. Which of the following is true of complex media?

(A) Bacteria grow faster on them than on synthetic media.

(B) All the chemical components and their concentrations are known.

(C)Complex media are the most difficult of all to prepare.

(D)Complex media can help determine the metabolic capacity of an organism.

(E) They are also called minimal media.

8. Which of the following types of growth media contains blood?

(A) minimal media (B) complex media

(C)defined media (D)enriched media

(E) selective media

9. The bile salts and crystal violet in MacConkey lactose plates prevent the growth of Gram-positives. These additives make the MacConkey plate a

(A) complex medium. (B) defined medium.

(C)minimal medium. (D)selective medium.

(E) differential medium.

10. You discover a new bacterial efflux pump that moves an uncharged toxin out of the cell using the proton motive force as the energy source. This new transporter can be classified as an

(A) electrogenic antiporter (B) electrogenic symporter

(C)electroneutral antiporter (D)electroneutral symporter

(E) none of the above

11. Which of the following involves nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor?

(A) photosynthesis (B) aerobic respiration

(C)fermentation (D)anaerobic respiration

(E) glycolysis

12. Which of the following is least likely to use glucose (an organic molecule) as a source of electrons?

(A) lithotrophy (B) organotrophy

(C)aerobic respiration (D)anaerobic respiration

(E) heterotrophy

17. Which of the following nutrient uptake systems does not require cellular energy?

(A) facilitated diffusion (B) coupled transport

(C)ABC transporters (D)group translocation

(E) All of the above require energy expenditure by the cell

18. What is the energy source for ABC transporters?

(A) proton motive force (B) NADH

(C)phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (D)ATP

(E) No energy is required for ABC transport.

19. Which of the following is true of all biofilms?

(A) They only contain a single species of bacteria.

(B) Biofilms can form on a range of biotic or abiotic surfaces.

(C)Cells in a biofilm are dormant until the bacteria leave the biofilm.

(D)Biofilms are composed of a single monolayer of EPS.

(E) Biofilms are not found in or on the human body.

20. The heterocyst cells of cyanobacteria are specialized for

(A) photosynthesis (B) gliding motility

(C)nitrogen fixation (D)carbon fixation

(E) antibiotic production

BIOL 315 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Facultative Anaerobic Organism, Ammonia, Glycerol

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