BIO 252 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Countercurrent Multiplication, Extracellular Fluid, Blood Plasma
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Diuretics: substances that cause slow water reabsorption, cause diuresis slow elevated urine production, reduces blood volume reduces blood pressue, caffeine: inhibits na+ reabsorption, alcohol: inhibits secretion of adh, diuretic drugs: Inhibit na+ transporters in the loop of henle or dct: promote loss of na+ in the urine, therefore increasing urine volume, used to treat hypertension. Ureters: 25-30cm long muscular tubes, retroperitoneal, transport urine from renal pelvis to the urinary bladder, smooth muscles produce peristaltic contractions which push urine, mucosa, transitional epithelium, goblet cells secrete mucous to separate epithelial cells from urine. Female urethra: directly posterior to the pubic symphysis, directed inferiorly and anteriorly, much shorter than male, external urethral orifice is between the clitoris and the vaginal opening. Micturition reflex: micturition: discharge of urine from the urinary bladder, sensor stretch receptors in walls of urinary bladder send signals via sensory neurons to the spinal cord. Urinary incontinence: a lack of voluntary control over urination, stress incontinence:
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