BLG 143 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Cell Signaling, Amylase, Monomer
Document Summary
Location of carbonyl group determines what kind of sugar the monosaccharide is: o. End of chain aldose: middle of chain ketose. Monosaccharides can also have a varying number of carbons: 3 carbons - trioses, 5 carbons - pentoses, 6 carbons - hexoses glucose in bloodstream. The hydroxyl groups can also have varying locations, distinguishing a monosaccharide o. Monosaccharides can have a linear form or a cyclic (ring) form. Simples polysaccharides a disaccharides (consist of two monosaccharides) Polysaccharides are linked through a condensation reaction; two hydroxyl groups are covalently bonded o. The bond that links polysaccharides is a glycosidic linkage. Location of glycosidic linkage can vary: common linkages are a-1,4 and b-1,4 o. Amylopectin has a branched helix shape - branching occurs every 30 monomers: glycogen: Major component of the cell wall; structurally supports and protects. Parallel strands of cellulose are joined by h-bonds: chitin: Structurally supports cell wall of fungi and external skeletons of insects.
