BLG 143 Chapter 5: Chapter 5 – An introduction to Carbohydrates

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The carbonyl group that can be found at the end of the molecule is responsible for distinguishing the features of the monosaccharide. Carbons are numbered starting from the carbon closest to the carbonyl group. A 6 carbon sugar is called hexose, a 5 carbon is a pentose and a 3 carbon is a triose. Monosaccharides differ in 3 ways, the carbonyl group, the amount of carbons and the spatial arrangement. For glucose, the first carbon forms a bond with the oxygen atom from the c-5 hydroxyl and its carbonyl group becomes a hydroxyl group. Two forms of glucose, either alpha or beta. Disaccharides are the simplest polysaccharides and only compose of 2 sugars. Simple sugars polymerize when a condensation reaction occurs between two hydroxyl groups, resulting in a covalent bond called glycosidic linkage. Linkage that is usually is the 1, 4 glycosidic linkage. Starch consists entirely of alpha glucose monomers that are joined by glycosidic linkages.

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