BIOL 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Human Genome Project, Dna Barcoding, Noncoding Dna
Document Summary
Human genome project; project to determine the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up the human dna; map all genes of human genome. Shotgun approach, skips genetic and physical mapping and sequences random. Dna fragments directly; powerful computer programs used to order fragments into continuous sequence. Evolutional diversity was limited by what could be cultured. Dna barcoding; stretches of nucleotides that are indication of species (from mitochondria) Tried wrapping genome in membrane = birth of eukaryote. Symbiosis of chloroplast and mitochondria; started off as parasitic relationship. Tardigrades have many genes that are derived from completely unrelated species (practically indestructible) Horizontal gene transfer; takes genes from surroundings (food/symbiont) Bacterial parasite of a eukaryotic cell has own parasite; virus. Bacteriophage stole spider venom gene to attack parasitic bacterium. No particular relationship between size of genome and number of genes, or complexity of organism. Alternative splicing: rna transcripts produce more than one polypeptide of genes.
