KINESIOL 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Postcentral Gyrus, Dura Mater, Primary Motor Cortex
21 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
The adult brain consists of four major parts: Brain stem continuous with the spinal cord and consists of: medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain. Diencephalon superior to the brain stem, consists of: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus. Cerebrum supported by the diencephalon and brain stem; largest part of the brain. The cranium and the cranial meninges surround and protect the brain. Blood-brain barrier (bbb) protects brain cells from harmful substances and pathogens by preventing passage of many substances from blood into brain tissue. Bbb consists mainly of tight junctions that seal together the endothelial cells of brain capillaries along with a thick basement membrane around the capillaries. Astrocytes secrete chemicals that maintain permeability of tight junctions. Active transport cross bbb: water soluble substances e. g. glucose. Lipid-soluble substances e. g. o2, co2, -oh and most anaesthetic agents easily cross the bbb. Creatinine, urea and ions cross bbb very slowly. Proteins and antibiotics drugs do not pass at all from the blood into brain tissue.
