HTHSCI 2HH3 Lecture 4: Respiratory Tract Infections Notes
28 Jan 2019
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Upper rt: collects and filters air, non-sterile, diphtheroids, s. pneumoniae, s. aureus, tonsils, mucus (defensins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, has a microbiome, can move to lower rt. Lower rt: respiratory tree, exchange of gas (oxygen and co2, typically sterile ( chance of disease, ciliary escalator moves organisms up and out, secretory antibodies, phagocytes. Viral urtis (more common: pharyngitis, otitis media rhinosinusitis, common cold, no treatment. Pharynx appears red; presence of purulent abscesses and swollen lymph nodes. Pain during swallowing, bad breath, fever, headache, malaise. Scarlet fever; erythrogenic exotoxin (can damage membrane of blood vessels) Rapid throat swab is used if positive, antibiotics; if negative= virus fluids. Severe ear pain due to inflammation and pressure on ear drum. Pediatric cases are most common ; 85% (anatomy and immunity- don"t drain well) Sinus pain and pressure, headache, general feeling of malaise. Primary bacterial pathogen infections commonly move from pharynx to sinuses (via throat), or to middle ear (via auditory tubes)
