PSYC 333 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Law School Admission Test, American Dental Association, Word Association
7 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Lecture'18:'Prejudice'II:'The'case'of'sexism'
(March'15)'
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Introduction:'stereotype'/'schema'activation'
Stereotypes' can' be' thought' as' mental' template' to' know' what' to' except,' what' we' are'
supposed'to'do.'There'are'often'implied'when'we'are'forming'impression'of'individuals'
we' don’t' know,' as' a' guide.' Schemas' and' their' potential' activation,' is' a' function' of'
construct' accessibility' (Higgins' et' al,' 1985;' Higgins' and' King,' 1981:' Srull' and' Wyer,'
1986,'1989).''
There'are'two'mains'factors'that'influence'the'likelihood'of'a'schema'to'be'activated:'
-recency&
-frequency&
Both'are'determinants'of'construct'activation.''
They'can'have'independent'or'interactive'effects.'
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“Rating'of'target”'(Lepore'and'Brown,'1997)'
They' wanted' to' look' at' the' interactive' effect' to' be' exposed' to' prime' that' activate'
stereotypes.' They' replicated' the' Devine’s' study.' They' found' interactive' effect:' being'
high'or'low'in'prejudice'mediated'the'prime.''
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Plan:'
I.&Study&“Treating&women&as&sex&objects”&(McKenzie-Mohr&and&Zanna,&1990)&
A.'Gender'schema'theory'revisited'(Bem,'1981)&
B.'Study:'“Treating'women'as'sex'objects”'(McKenzie-Mohr'and'Zanna,'1990)'
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II.&Study&:&“Behavioural&effects&of&priming&men&to&view&women&as&sexual&objects”&
(Rudman&and&Borgida,&1995)&
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III.&Study&:&Objectification&theory&(Frederickson&and&Roberts,&1997)&
A.'Objectification'theory'(Frederickson'and'Roberts,'1997)'
B.'Study:'Self-objectification'theory'(Frederickson'et'al.,'1998)'
C.'Study:'“That'swimsuit'becomes'you”'(Frederickson'et'al,'1998)'
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IV.&Study:&Interacting&with&sexiest&men&(Logel&et&al&2009)&
A.'Study'1:'Male'engineering'students'interact'with'female'confederate'in'“work-related'
interaction”''
B.'Study'2:'Male'and'female'engineering'student'dyads'
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V.&Study:&Stereotype&threat&in&applied&settings&(Danaher&and&Crandall,&2007)&&
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VI.&Study:&Hireability&2.0&(Moss-Racusin&et&al&2012)&
A.'Study:'Hireability'2.0'(Moss-Racusin'et'al'2012)'
B.'Study:'“Academic'authorship”'(Budden'et'al'2008)'
C.'Study:'“I'have'a'bias'against'women'in'science”'(Raymond,'Nature,'2013)'
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Conclusion:&Ways&to&conquer&(gender)&bias&
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I.'Study'“Treating'women'as'sex'objects”'(McKenzie-Mohr'and'Zanna,'1990)'
They'used'the'notion'of'gender-schemata.''
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A.'Gender'schema'theory'revisited'(Bem,'1981)'
People'through'socialization'can'become'sex-typed'and'become'schematic,'or'they'can'
be'more'aschematic,'in'the'same'way'as'people'can'be'schematic'or'aschematic'for'other'
ideas.'
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Who' is' gender& schematic?' Those' endorsing& only& sex& related& attributes'(e.g.' men'
who' only' endorse' agentic/masculine' traits' or' women' who' only' endorse'
communal/feminine'traits'are'thought'to'be'“gender'schematic.”)''
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It'creates'a&“heterosexual&subschema”'(Bem,'1981):'
-It'encodes'all'cross-sex'interactions'in'sexual'terms'
-It'encodes'all'members'of'the'opposite'sex'in'terms'of'sexual'attractiveness.''
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Like' self-schemata' more' generally,' gender' schema' influence& selective& attention,&
encoding&and&retrieval'('wefocus,'encode,'recall'sexual'information'more'easily)'
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It'can'be'helpful'in'ambiguous'situations,'but'it'can'also'be'problematic'of'we'“fill'in'the'
gaps”'incorrectly.''
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B.'Study:'“Treating'women'as'sex'objects”'(McKenzie-Mohr'and'Zanna,'1990)'
Question:''
Does&gender&schematic&processing&lead&to&prejudiced&views&and&behaviour&toward&
women&–&i.e.,&treating&women&as&sex&objects?&
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Method:''
She' primed' gender' schema' in' schematic' and' aschematic' men' and' recorded' their'
interaction'with'a'woman.''
Participants'were'told'that'they'will'participate'in'3'unrelated'studies:''
1.'They'participate'in'a'“censorship&study”'(1980s'debate'in'society'at'the'time)''
-Half'of'the'participants'watch'a'video'of'a'prostitute'having'sexual'intercourse'with'a'
client'(prime)'
-Half'of'the'participants'watch'a'video'of'house'of'commons'debate'about'prostitution'
(control)'
2.' Then' they' participated' in' the& “university& life& interview”,'the' interview' was'
conducted'by'a'female'confederate'
3.'Then'they'participated'in'a'study'about'“passage&of&time&on&memory”'to'know'what'
information'they'recalled'about'the'female'confederate''
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Outcomes:'
1.'They'looked'at'the'interviewer&ratings:&
-How'sexually'motivated'did'you'find'the'subject?'
-How'much'did'you'feel'that'he'was'looking'at'your'body?'
2.'They'looked'at'participants'memory&for&the&interviewer:&'
a.'her'physical'characteristics'
b.'what'she'said'
3.'They'looked'at'interpersonal&distance.&&
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Results:'
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