MIMM 214 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Lymphopoiesis, Apoptosis, Complement System
7 Jun 2018
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Lecture 9 – January 23, 2017
Cytokines can imprint adaptive response
Cytokines Profile II
- Th1
o IFN – gamma
o Mostly acting on
▪ Macrophages
▪ Cytotoxic T cells
- Th2
o IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13
o Mostly acting on B cells
- Th17
o IL-17
o Pro-
o Inflammatory/autoimmunity
- Treg
o TGF, IL-10
- Take home
o Different T cells produce different cytokine patterns
o These patterns have specific impacts
o Do’t eorize these YET
Cimprints adaptive immune response
- Cell mediated immunity
o Directed to viral infection, intracellular pathogens
o Characterized by
▪ Macrophage activation
▪ Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation
o Driven by Th1 cytokines
- Humoral immunity
o Directed to extracellular bacteria/pathogens
o Characterized by predominant B cell activation and antibody production
o Driven by Th2 cytokines
Cytokine Profiles I
- Different cytokines can induce differentiation of different cell types
- Different cell types then produce cytokines too
- Cytokines make T cells turn into certain type of T cell, then that specific T cell produces its own
cytokines which may or may not be the same type of cytokines that triggered its differentiation
Key cells and processes
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Inflammation: role of TNF-alpha
- Secreted by macrophages
- Stimulates
o Migration of innate cells
o Dilate blood vessels, increases clotting
Local vs Systemic effects
- TNF-alpha → local inflammation
o Macrophages only secret in certain spot
- Systematic TNF-alpha → systematic effects
o Lets say liver infection – attached to blood stream
o TNF-alpha all over body (systemic)
o Vasodilation everywhere
o Severe consequences
- SEPSIS: systematic infection and inflammation
o Coagulation all over
o Edema all over
o Can lead to death
Acute Phase response
- Induced by proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6)
- Acute phase response involved:
o Increased synthesis/secretion of antimicrobial proteins from the liver
▪ Mannose-binding lectin (MBL)
▪ Complement components
▪ C-reactive protein → can opsonize bacteria and trigger classical complement
cascade
- Liver acute phase proteins activate other processes that help eliminate pathogens
Inflammatory cytokines have many effects
- IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha = key pro-inflammatory cytokines
- Effect on different tissues/cell types
o Acute phase response
o Mobilizing cells
o Fever
- Contributes to response against pathogen
- Note: fever caused by IL-1beta, Il-6, TNF-alpha, which signal to induce a cascade that leads to a
signal to hypothalamus → increase body temperature
Why is inflammation good/bad
- Good
o Complement
o Increased blood flow – vasodilation
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Ifn gamma: mostly acting on, macrophages, cytotoxic t cells. Il-4, il-5, il-10, il-13: mostly acting on b cells. Take home: different t cells produce different cytokine patterns, these patterns have specific impacts, do(cid:374)"t (cid:373)e(cid:373)orize these yet. Cell mediated immunity: directed to viral infection, intracellular pathogens, characterized by, macrophage activation, cytotoxic t lymphocyte activation, driven by th1 cytokines. Humoral immunity: directed to extracellular bacteria/pathogens, characterized by predominant b cell activation and antibody production, driven by th2 cytokines. Different cytokines can induce differentiation of different cell types. Different cell types then produce cytokines too. Cytokines make t cells turn into certain type of t cell, then that specific t cell produces its own cytokines which may or may not be the same type of cytokines that triggered its differentiation. Stimulates: migration of innate cells, dilate blood vessels, increases clotting. Tnf-alpha local inflammation: macrophages only secret in certain spot.
