BIOC 311 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Cytosol, Portal Vein, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
18 Jun 2016
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Certain amino acids (gives pyruvate, or cac intermediates) Glycogenolysis: break down of glycogen for maintaining blood glucose. Gluconeogenesis: synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as lactate, pyruvate, citric acid intermediates and carbon skeleton of most amino acids. All of theses substances must be converted to oa, the starting material of gluconeogenesis. Recall that there is no pathway in mammals for the net conversion of acetyl-coa to oa. This is the reason why fatty acids cannot serve as glucose precurssor )beta-oxidation leads to production of acetyl-coa, but cannot convert acetyl-coa to oa, starting material of gluconeogenesis) When using fructose and galactose, pathways feed in glycolytic pathway, their conversion to glucose is not considered gluconeogenesis since they are carbohydrate precursors. In glycolysis, hk, pfk and pk hae large negative free energy changes. In gluconeogenesis, these 3 enzymes are replaced by g6pase, fbpase, and pepck and pyruvate carboxylase. The equilibrium enzymes are the same as in glycolytic pathway.
