CHEM 181 Lecture 8: Lecture 8 - Topic 3
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Video 1
North American agriculture produces 3900 calories per person per day and
we do not need that
-
We consume an excess of calories in soft drinks due to high sugar
-
Glucose is metabolized differently that glucose and sucrose
Fructose is converted into fats in the liver
○
-
Dr. Robert Lustig
Main thesis is there are differences between the ways sugars are
metabolized and fructose is a huge problem
○
-
Endocannabinoids
There is a compound which resembles a compound that occurs in
our body (anandamide) named after sanskrit term which means bliss
○
This is a molecule that is involved in pleasure and plays a role in
weight gain due to the fact that it is produced from linoleic acid
which is a polyunsaturated fat
○
-
Oils are high in linoleic acid and this causes more anandamide to form in
our brain
-
Oleic acid is better for frying and cooking things with which eliminates
trans fats
-
Activity 1
Sucrose is a disaccharide which breaks down into two components when it
is ingested. Which of these two components may contribute to the
development of obesity because it is more readily stored as fat? Fructose
When ingested, sucrose breaks down into glucose and fructose.
Fructose is processed in a different manner than glucose and is more
readily stored as fat. It is believed that fructose does not blunt the
appetite as well as other sugars do
○
-
How do polyunsaturated fats that are high in linoleic acid, contribute to
weight gain? When linoleic acid is metabolized by the human body
anandamide is produced which triggers a sense of pleasure and can lead to
overconsumption of high fat foods.
-
Video 2
Obesogens - make us fat and increase our appetites
-
Phthalates are used to making coatings on pills, some studies have shown
men with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance or both were more likely to
have high concentrations of phthalate metabolities in their urine
When fatty foods are wrapped in plastic, they will absorb the
phtalates from the packages
○
-
Sensa is a powder you sprinkle on food and it is supposed to satisfy your
appetite
-
Smart cookies - you eat cookies for breakfast and lunch and a normal
dinner which lets you lose weight
Good for short term but not a lifestyle
○
-
There have been some smells that have been shown to reduce weight
-
Hoodia is a plant that grows in Africa and Kalahari Bushmen go on hunting
trips with no food and they eat this plant to supress their appetite
-
Activity 2
What is the term used to describe chemicals in small amounts that may
stimulate the appetite and therefore contribute to weight gain?
Obesogens
-
Video 3
HCG diet
ATW Simeons noted that in India that pregnant women on a low-
calorie diet lost fat rather than muscle and the fetus was protected.
He hypothesized that the HCG (hormone to test if you are pregnant)
reprogrammed the brain to lose fat rather than muscle and protect
the body against muscle loss
○
-
Raspberry ketones
Causes fat cells to release adiponectin which tricks the body into
thinking it is think (in the lab)
○
-
Green coffee extract
John Vinson - showed an average weight loss in a trial in India
○
Active ingredient is chlorogenic acid
○
-
Garcina cambogia grows in a tropical climate is rich in hydroxycitric acid
(carbs don't get converted as easily to fat)
-
Activity 3
Which weight loss supplement claims to help the body burn fat more
efficiently by increasing the production of adiponectin, a protein used to
regulate metabolism? Raspberry ketones
-
Which weight loss product claims to suppress the appetite due to
components in the plant it is based on? Hoodia
-
Which weight loss product claims to slow the absorption of fat as well as
increase fat burning due to a component called chlorogenic acid? Green
coffee bean extract
-
Which weight loss product promotes a feeling of fullness and is based on
research that smells can reduce the appetite? Sensa
-
Which weight loss product uses a human hormone in an effect to
reprogram the body so it metabolized fat reserves rather than muscle?
HCG
-
Video 4
Diet books work only over a short period of time
-
Low carb diet: slowed mentally and physically, constipated, lost muscle
-
Low fat diet: more alert, more energy
-
Atkins diet (Ketogenic diet)
A high protein diet
○
-
High carb diet
Complex carb diet (dr. dean ornish)
○
-
Zone diet
Specific foods to staying away from, not a calorie counting diet
○
-
Eating something sweet triggers the body to want more of it
-
Activity 4
Avoids foods that promote weight gain based on blood type - eat right for
your type
-
Replace high fat foods with complex carbs that are typically lower in fat -
ornish diet
-
Eat more protein and fewer carbs in order to burn stored body fat - atkins
diet
-
Calorie counting or worrying about the glycemic index are eliminated by
eating the company's prepared foods - nutrisystem
-
Avoid bad carbs based on the glycemic index of foods - south beach diet
-
Maintain an idea ration of protein to carbs in each meal without calorie
counting - the zone
-
Video 5
Average weight gain is rougly a pound a year
-
Worst foods: french fries, chips
-
Nuts resulted in weightloss, fruits, veggies, whole grains, yogurt
-
Weight gain, bread, soft drinks, meat
-
Probiotics help with weight loss
-
Exercise more and eat less
-
Activity 5
Weight loss or gain?
Apples -loss
○
Yogurt - loss
○
Nuts - loss
○
Processed meat - gain
○
-
Video 6
Tapeworms were used to lose weight
-
Cottons were soaked in liquids and then swallowed to fill your stomach up
-
Clay diet
-
Blue glasses would make food less appetizing and you would eat less
-
Ephedra increases metabolism but it lead to some types of heart disease
Replaced with EGCG - can cause liver and kidney damage in large
doses
○
Not the same as green coffee bean extract
○
-
Activity 6
Which of the following contains epigallocatechin galate? Green tea leaf
extract and chili burn
-
Video 7
Mice fed a high fat diet on a fixed schedule put on less weight than mice
that had an unlimited access to food even though they consumed the
same amount of calories
Not the same for humans
○
-
8 hour diet
Based on mouse research
○
Eat on an 8 hour period and fast for 16 hours they can eat whatever
they want
○
Intermittent fasting is a growing trend
○
-
Fast diet
5:2 diet is the best way to lose weight
○
For 5 days you eat normally and for 2 days you semi-fast
○
-
William Banting introduced the low carb diet
-
Paleo diet is an atkins diet in disguise
-
Activity 7
What is the term for the basic principle underlying the 8 hour diet and fast
diet? Intermittent fasting
-
Video 8
Paleo diet
Human body has not been able to adapt to grain in the diet so we
should be eating like cavemen
○
Low carb diet because you care cutting out grains
○
No dairy and processed foods
○
-
Personalized nutrition
Some diets work for some people and not for others
○
-
95% of all diets fail and people end up putting on more weight than they
lost
-
Mediterranean diet
Limits red meat, emphasizes healthy oils like olive oil, vegetable, no
sugars, sweets
○
-
Dash diet
Cut down on sodium
○
Base of vegetables, whole grains, seafood, poultry
○
-
Lecture 8 -Topic 3
Monday, April 2, 2018
9:35 PM
Video 1
North American agriculture produces 3900 calories per person per day and
we do not need that
-
We consume an excess of calories in soft drinks due to high sugar
-
Glucose is metabolized differently that glucose and sucrose
Fructose is converted into fats in the liver
○
-
Dr. Robert Lustig
Main thesis is there are differences between the ways sugars are
metabolized and fructose is a huge problem
○
-
Endocannabinoids
There is a compound which resembles a compound that occurs in
our body (anandamide) named after sanskrit term which means bliss
○
This is a molecule that is involved in pleasure and plays a role in
weight gain due to the fact that it is produced from linoleic acid
which is a polyunsaturated fat
○
-
Oils are high in linoleic acid and this causes more anandamide to form in
our brain
-
Oleic acid is better for frying and cooking things with which eliminates
trans fats
-
Activity 1
Sucrose is a disaccharide which breaks down into two components when it
is ingested. Which of these two components may contribute to the
development of obesity because it is more readily stored as fat? Fructose
When ingested, sucrose breaks down into glucose and fructose.
Fructose is processed in a different manner than glucose and is more
readily stored as fat. It is believed that fructose does not blunt the
appetite as well as other sugars do
○
-
How do polyunsaturated fats that are high in linoleic acid, contribute to
weight gain? When linoleic acid is metabolized by the human body
anandamide is produced which triggers a sense of pleasure and can lead to
overconsumption of high fat foods.
-
Video 2
Obesogens - make us fat and increase our appetites
-
Phthalates are used to making coatings on pills, some studies have shown
men with abdominal obesity, insulin resistance or both were more likely to
have high concentrations of phthalate metabolities in their urine
When fatty foods are wrapped in plastic, they will absorb the
phtalates from the packages
○
-
Sensa is a powder you sprinkle on food and it is supposed to satisfy your
appetite
-
Smart cookies - you eat cookies for breakfast and lunch and a normal
dinner which lets you lose weight
Good for short term but not a lifestyle
○
-
There have been some smells that have been shown to reduce weight
-
Hoodia is a plant that grows in Africa and Kalahari Bushmen go on hunting
trips with no food and they eat this plant to supress their appetite
-
Activity 2
What is the term used to describe chemicals in small amounts that may
stimulate the appetite and therefore contribute to weight gain?
Obesogens
-
Video 3
HCG diet
ATW Simeons noted that in India that pregnant women on a low-
calorie diet lost fat rather than muscle and the fetus was protected.
He hypothesized that the HCG (hormone to test if you are pregnant)
reprogrammed the brain to lose fat rather than muscle and protect
the body against muscle loss
○
-
Raspberry ketones
Causes fat cells to release adiponectin which tricks the body into
thinking it is think (in the lab)
○
-
Green coffee extract
John Vinson - showed an average weight loss in a trial in India
○
Active ingredient is chlorogenic acid
○
-
Garcina cambogia grows in a tropical climate is rich in hydroxycitric acid
(carbs don't get converted as easily to fat)
-
Activity 3
Which weight loss supplement claims to help the body burn fat more
efficiently by increasing the production of adiponectin, a protein used to
regulate metabolism? Raspberry ketones
-
Which weight loss product claims to suppress the appetite due to
components in the plant it is based on? Hoodia
-
Which weight loss product claims to slow the absorption of fat as well as
increase fat burning due to a component called chlorogenic acid? Green
coffee bean extract
-
Which weight loss product promotes a feeling of fullness and is based on
research that smells can reduce the appetite? Sensa
-
Which weight loss product uses a human hormone in an effect to
reprogram the body so it metabolized fat reserves rather than muscle?
HCG
-
Video 4
Diet books work only over a short period of time
-
Low carb diet: slowed mentally and physically, constipated, lost muscle
-
Low fat diet: more alert, more energy
-
Atkins diet (Ketogenic diet)
A high protein diet
○
-
High carb diet
Complex carb diet (dr. dean ornish)
○
-
Zone diet
Specific foods to staying away from, not a calorie counting diet
○
-
Eating something sweet triggers the body to want more of it
-
Activity 4
Avoids foods that promote weight gain based on blood type - eat right for
your type
-
Replace high fat foods with complex carbs that are typically lower in fat -
ornish diet
-
Eat more protein and fewer carbs in order to burn stored body fat - atkins
diet
-
Calorie counting or worrying about the glycemic index are eliminated by
eating the company's prepared foods - nutrisystem
-
Avoid bad carbs based on the glycemic index of foods - south beach diet
-
Maintain an idea ration of protein to carbs in each meal without calorie
counting - the zone
-
Video 5
Average weight gain is rougly a pound a year
-
Worst foods: french fries, chips
-
Nuts resulted in weightloss, fruits, veggies, whole grains, yogurt
-
Weight gain, bread, soft drinks, meat
-
Probiotics help with weight loss
-
Exercise more and eat less
-
Activity 5
Weight loss or gain?
Apples -loss
○
Yogurt - loss
○
Nuts - loss
○
Processed meat - gain
○
-
Video 6
Tapeworms were used to lose weight
-
Cottons were soaked in liquids and then swallowed to fill your stomach up
-
Clay diet
-
Blue glasses would make food less appetizing and you would eat less
-
Ephedra increases metabolism but it lead to some types of heart disease
Replaced with EGCG - can cause liver and kidney damage in large
doses
○
Not the same as green coffee bean extract
○
-
Activity 6
Which of the following contains epigallocatechin galate? Green tea leaf
extract and chili burn
-
Video 7
Mice fed a high fat diet on a fixed schedule put on less weight than mice
that had an unlimited access to food even though they consumed the
same amount of calories
Not the same for humans
○
-
8 hour diet
Based on mouse research
○
Eat on an 8 hour period and fast for 16 hours they can eat whatever
they want
○
Intermittent fasting is a growing trend
○
-
Fast diet
5:2 diet is the best way to lose weight
○
For 5 days you eat normally and for 2 days you semi-fast
○
-
William Banting introduced the low carb diet
-
Paleo diet is an atkins diet in disguise
-
Activity 7
What is the term for the basic principle underlying the 8 hour diet and fast
diet? Intermittent fasting
-
Video 8
Paleo diet
Human body has not been able to adapt to grain in the diet so we
should be eating like cavemen
○
Low carb diet because you care cutting out grains
○
No dairy and processed foods
○
-
Personalized nutrition
Some diets work for some people and not for others
○
-
95% of all diets fail and people end up putting on more weight than they
lost
-
Mediterranean diet
Limits red meat, emphasizes healthy oils like olive oil, vegetable, no
sugars, sweets
○
-
Dash diet
Cut down on sodium
○
Base of vegetables, whole grains, seafood, poultry
○
-
Lecture 8 -Topic 3
Monday, April 2, 2018 9:35 PM
11
CHEM 181 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
11 documents
Document Summary
North american agriculture produces 3900 calories per person per day and we do not need that. We consume an excess of calories in soft drinks due to high sugar. Glucose is metabolized differently that glucose and sucrose. Fructose is converted into fats in the liver. Main thesis is there are differences between the ways sugars are metabolized and fructose is a huge problem. There is a compound which resembles a compound that occurs in our body (anandamide) named after sanskrit term which means bliss. This is a molecule that is involved in pleasure and plays a role in weight gain due to the fact that it is produced from linoleic acid which is a polyunsaturated fat. Oils are high in linoleic acid and this causes more anandamide to form in our brain. Oleic acid is better for frying and cooking things with which eliminates trans fats. Sucrose is a disaccharide which breaks down into two components when it is ingested.
