BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, C4 Carbon Fixation, Light-Independent Reactions
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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes
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Purpose = move co2 from mesophyll to bundle sheath cell. * low o2 level = reduces competition while rubisco fix co2 & minimize photorespiration & h2o. C4 in hot/dry climates = faster fixation speed & more efficient require 1 additional atp become amp. Crassulacean acid metabolism * almost identical to c4. 1- pep carboxylase fixes co2 + pep to oaa oxaloacetate. 2- malic acid/malate = shuttled into vacuole of cell. Malate/malic acid = out of vacuole & converted back to oaa oxaloacetate *need 1atp. Co2 moved into calvin cycle with rubisco & pep. Overall advantages = light reaction during day even while stomata closed = reduce h2o loss: as leaves age = chlorophyll b/d to extract valuable components = mg2+ *carotenoids are visible, splitting of h2o provides 2 e- But requires atp & nadph produced from light-dependent reaction. 2n = 1 set from ovum/1 set from sperm. *total = 92 chromatids- depend on stage of division.
