HIST-102 Lecture 65: Papal Monarchy
18 Nov 2020
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Papal monarchy. conflict between gregory vii and henry iv hardly ended the struggles between the reformed. The crusades provided a venue for joint action and made the contestants willing to set aside their dispute for a time. Europe"s booming prosperity and atmosphere of excitement in the twelfth century disinclined people to drag out old conflicts at a time when they could instead devote themselves to reinventing. But the conflict could not be ignored forever. A simple theory in principle but a messy one in details: the first king to renew the debate was england"s henry ii (1154 1189). He was an exceptional ruler. devoted with equal determination to exerting ruthless power and providing justice for his subjects. These holdings, plus some other territories he later seized on the continent, made him the master of nearly half of france as well as king of england. Henry never held or claimed an imperial title. That was the only limit on his ambitions.
