BIOL 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Molecular Switch, Apoptosis, Adenylyl Cyclase
8 Nov 2017
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Document Summary
They are analogous to gap junctions in animal cells: direct contact between membrane-bound molecules is the basis of the human immune systm. Long distance -- endocrine signalling, short distance -- paracrine signalling: autocrine -- acting on itself. Local signalling - the release of local signals (i. e. growth factors) from one cell to nearby cells, give instructions to grow and divide. Synaptic signalling - a neuron releases neurotransmitter into a synapse to stimulate an adjacent neuron to fire or a muscle to contract. Ion channel receptors - allosteric receptors that open and shut a gate in the membrane, allowing an influx of ions. These ion-channel receptors and ion- gated channels are the basis of normal nerve function: g protein-coupled receptors (gpcr) - span the entire cell membrane. When a ligand, the first messenger, binds to the extracellular domain of the receptor, it changes the conformation of the cytoplasmic side of the receptor.
