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BIOL 203 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Ileum, Chemical Polarity, Jejunum

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roseraven514
30 Apr 2016
School
Concordia University
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL 203
Professor
Catherine Calogeropoulos

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Document Summary

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. About 20%-25% of the 92 elements are essential to life. The atom is the smallest unit of matter. Atoms bond to each other to form molecules. Molecules are groups of atoms bonded in specific configurations. Examples : water is h2o, carbon dioxide is co2. Table salt consists of 2 elements: sodium and chloride (nacl) A grain of salt = 1. 2 x 10e18 atoms, half of which are sodium atoms and the other half are chlorine atoms. Glucose is composed of 3 elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. A spoon full of sugar contains trillions of atoms representing 3 types of elements. Molecules and compounds: what is the difference: atoms come together to form chemical bonds, when two or more atoms interact a molecule is formed. Glucose (c6h12o6: molecules that contain two or more different elements are also called compounds.

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Related Questions

Life Chemistry LabReport

  1. Elements of Living Organisms
  2. Name the five most abundant elements found in the humanbody.
  1. Cells organize into tissues which work together to form
  1. What is the difference between an atom and an element?
  1. Molecules
  1. Is glucose an atom or molecule? What are the atoms inglucose?

  1. How many bonds can oxygen form?

  1. Is C6H12O6 a molecular orstructural formula? What is the name of this molecule?
  1. Based on lab, Section II, draw and label a ball and stickrepresentation of a carbon dioxide, water and ethyl alcoholmolecule. Use circles to designate atoms and lines for bonds, thenindicate the chemical symbol for each atom. Sign, date and preparean image of your drawing and include it with this lab report.
  1. Molecular Make Up of Living Organisms
  1. Name the four groups of organic molecules.
  1. _______ are the most abundant organic molecules in livingorganisms.
  1. Name a polysaccharide, monosaccharide, protein and alipid.
  1. Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercises 2, 3, 4 and 5 to completethe following table:

Type of Organic Molecule

Reagent

Sample Tested

Positive Color

Negative Color

Carbohydrate (starch)

Iodine

Sugar

Benedict’s solution

Lipid (fat)

Sudan IV

Protein

Biuret

  1. Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercise 6 to locate starch in potatocells. Describe the microscopic appearance of starch in terms ofcolor and location within the cells.

  1. Measurement of pH
  1. What substance has an equal number of hydrogen ions(H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)?

  1. What is the pH of the above substance?

  1. How does the addition of hydroxide ions (OH-) affectthe pH of your stomach?

  1. Go to lab, Section 4, Exercise 7 to test the pH of commonsolutions. Which solution tested had a pH closest to neutral? Whichsolution was most acidic?

Summary Questions

  1. What is the smallest subunit of carbohydrates?

  1. Which reagent could be used to test for diabetes?

  1. A member of your family has a high blood cholesterol count. Yousee “fat free” crackers in the grocery store and decide to test theproduct for the presence of lipids. How would this testproceed?

  1. A family member has been cautioned about eating foods high insugar. Explain how a test could be run for the presence ofsugar.

  1. Explain how to test for the presence of protein in milk.

  1. A friend complains of stomach acidity. Which substance testedmight safely help relieve your friend’s symptoms?

  1. Explain how solutions are classified as acids or bases. Then,give an example of a weak acid.

2260 A&P 1 Lecture - Unit 1

Beware! ANYTHING within the assigned readings or discussed in lecture is fair game whether it is part of this list or not!!

What is the study of Anatomy? Provide an example of an anatomical study.

What is the study of Physiology? Provide an example of a physiological study.

List the characteristics of living things and briefly discuss them.

List the levels of organization from smallest to largest. Provide a specific example for each level.

Compare/Contrast sections and planes.

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the anatomical position?

Practice placing a section through a location in the body and then determine what structures would be made visible by that section in that location. For example if a coronal (frontal) section were made in the thoracic region (would be able to see both lungs, the heart, depending on the exact location of the cut, maybe the esophagus and /or the trachea)

Practice the directional terms using them to describe the locational relationship between two body regions (use the technical terms for those body regions, (i.e. if the original post used __ is superior to blank, the opposite would be ___ is inferior to __).

Distinguish between the nine abdominal regions and four quadrants and indicate what major organ(s) would be found deep to that region or quadrant.

Why is it important to study the language of anatomy and physiology if one is going into the medical field?

Define homeostasis. What thing (or things) in our body maintains homeostasis? And what regulates those "things"?

What is the likely result if homeostasis is not maintained?

13. What are the components of feedback mechanisms? What is the function of each component?

14. Discuss negative feedback mechanisms. Give a specific example of one.

Discuss positive feedback mechanisms. Give a specific example of one.

Discuss the levels of organization, list the various levels and provide a specific example of each level.

What is matter?

What are elements? What are the four most common elements of the human body?

Distinguish between atoms, and molecules. Provide an example of each.

What information is provided by the molecular formula? For example what can be said of the formula C6H12O6, the molecular formula for glucose?

Briefly distinguish between organic and inorganic molecules. Recall that MY preferred defining quality differs from what the text says!

Consider/review the important inorganic molecules discussed in chp 2 and describe their importance in the human body.

Distinguish between acids and bases. Which of these will have relatively more free H+ ions?

What is the pH range of an acid? Of a base? What would be the pH value of a solution where the number of H+ ions = OH- ions?

What are the states of acidosis and alkalosis with reference to blood pH values?

Consider/review the important organic molecules discussed in chp 2 and describe their general importance in the human body.

Distinguish between solvent and solute.

Discuss the term osmolarity.

Consider/review the four types of lipids and discuss their individual function in the human body. Lipids are not composed of monomers but they do have “building blocks”, what are these building blocks?

What are the "building blocks" or monomers (looking for a group or class name) of a carbohydrate polymer? Name the five (5) types of carbohydrate monomers.

When two of these carbohydrate monomers are bonded together what "class" of carbohydrate is formed? What are the types of this "class"? What is the source (food) for each of these?

When three or more of these monomers are bonded together they form which "class" of carbohydrate? Which one of these stores excess carbs in animals (mainly in the liver)? Which one stores excess carbs in plants? And which one is indigestible by the human gut, but is important because it provides "bulk" in the form of fiber and helps keep fecal matter moving in the intestines?

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Briefly describe deoxyribonucleic acid including its general function.

Briefly describe ribonucleic acid including its general function.

What are the monomers of proteins? What kind of bond holds the monomers together?

Distinguish between oligopeptides and polypeptides.

Choose TWO general functions of proteins based on the globular vs fibrous classification of proteins, the class of protein that performs that function and a specific example for each.

What events or environments denature a protein? What has happened if a protein is denatured? What happens to its function if it is denatured?

What class of organic molecules are enzymes and what do they do in the body? How do they do their function? In other words, what is their mechanism of action/what do they change to do their job?

What are enzyme co-factors and what is their role in enzyme action?

How are enzymes regulated?