VISA 1Q99 Lecture Notes - Early Christian Art And Architecture, Dura-Europos, Santa Costanza

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14 Nov 2011

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Christianity grew as a religion after constantine"s rule. Christianity and judaism believed in encompassing ethics and religion together. Synagogue at dura europas, interior west wall, c. 244-45 ce: this was destroyed. The second temple was destroyed by titus and commemorated in the arch of titus. You could portray stories about the old testament or. Some of the figures are identified with greek inscriptions. In the center there is the torah in each in the form of a scroll. The people would gather to read the torah. This would have been an upper class style in the view of many. Very little 3d, or depth to this work. Moses giving water to the twelve tribes of israel, dura europas, c. 245 ce: an outline or schema of what is taking place. Common to pick a moment in a story that would act as a remembrance. Figures around moses stand with their arms up (this represents giving or receiving, symbolizing their devotion).

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France: The country’s first ‘saviour sibling’ is a ‘double-hope baby’
By Annick Chapoy on July 18th, 2011
The birth, in France, of its first baby to be conceived by artificial insemination on top of the selection of an embryo based on its blood, has sent new flames into the hot parliamentary debate over the reform of bioethics law.
The child’s deliberate embryonic selection rested on it not having the gene for beta thalasaemia, and its birth potential to help cure beta-thalasaemia suffered by two older siblings. Theoretically, the use of ‘saviour siblings’ has been allowed since 2006, when the 2004 Bioethics Law and associated decrees was passed. The USA has utilised this for about ten years, but such a birth is rare in Europe – and, depending on the results of a current debate, might become even rarer in France.
Umut-Talha, a name meaning 'our hope' in Turkish, entered life this February in Clamart, south-west of Paris. He weighed 3.65kg and was pronounced ‘very healthy’. His birth resulted from in vitro fertilisation after a double pre-implant genetic diagnosis that enabled doctors to choose an embryo that would not carry the disorder beta-thalasaemia, and whose blood and tissue would be compatible with that of his brother and sister. This type of technique was legalised in France with the Bioethics Law of 2004, but is still the source of great controversy in the public.
It is the first successful birth resulting from this type of pregnancy in the country. The practice is legal in numerous other European countries, including Spain and Belgium where, in 2005, the first two 'medicine babies' in Europe were born. The first birth of this type took place in the USA in 2000.
France’s first so-called ‘saviour sibling’ was born to parents of Turkish origin and he was conceived under circumstances that would have been unthinkable only a generation ago. Umut Talha’s parents had approached the hospital in Clamart just over a year ago. They had a serious problem - their two youngsters were both afflicted with the inherited blood disorder beta thalasaemia, which requires monthly blood transfusions. The parents knew the hospital was one of only three in France that was developing a treatment for their children's illness.
An embryo was screened and genetically selected from an original group of 12 embryos. It was chosen to ensure it did not carry the Beta thalasaemia gene and also due to its compatibility with the sick siblings. Besides selecting an offspring that would be spared from the disorder, the parents hoped their future baby could also become a donor of the right kind of treatment cells.
Born disorder-free, the baby’s cells also proved compatible with his two-year-old sister. Doctors feel confident that she will be cured with the cells from his discarded umbilical cord, and her monthly blood transfusions will be discontinued.
The family have since returned to their home in southern France, but plan to return to Clamart to undergo the same procedure to cure their other child, Umut’s four-year-old brother.
Following his birth, French newspapers spread ‘Medicine baby’ headlines across their pages. However, Professor René Frydman, a fertility pioneer and the ‘medical father’ of the first French test-tube baby in 1982, oversaw Umut’s case, said he preferred the term ‘double-hope baby’.
‘Medicine baby is a media term invented by people who are against this kind of procedure,’ said Prof. Frydman. In English-speaking countries, the terms ‘donor baby’ and ‘saviour sibling’ have been widely used in the media.
Umut certainly presents a double hope for his parents: the hope of having a new, healthy baby, and the hope of curing one of their sick children.
However, other scientists, religious groups and parents beg to differ. The issue of saviour babies has raised complex ethical debates, and renewed fears of a move towards ‘designer babies’, or babies whose traits – e.g. intelligence, eye-colour and height – have been predetermined.
Thus, Umut’s birth has raised questions among medical, political as well as religious circles in France. Christine Boutin, President of the Christian-Democratic party, denounced an ‘instrumentalisation of the human being, conceived in the sole purpose of being used’, while the head of the Bishop’s Conference said he was ‘totally opposed to a procedure by which somebody is being used exclusively to serve somebody else’.
The timing of Umut's birth was also significantly timely - just as the very law that allows for cases such as this to be revised. Observers say that the existing legislation guiding biotechnology in France might be tightened and restrict research in certain fields, including stem cells.
The country’s standing bioethics law allows for cases like Umut’s. In fact, the government has earmarked €800,000 per year for Clamart to practice and develop the procedure.
Nonetheless, Prof. Frydman and colleagues say a lot more needs to be done, complaining of endless hurdles to launch further research and access funds. They regret that France has started a decade after the USA and that the government is still reluctant to give them full backing.

champagnelocust794

Read the case and answer:

Do you think either party behaved unethically in this case?(300 Words)

WPACâa television station based in Yuma, Arizonaâhad been experiencing a ratings decline for several years. In 2009, the station switched from a CBS to NBC affiliate. That has explained some of the ratings decline. However, in recent months, the ratings have continued to slide. Eventually, the station manager, Lucien Stone, decided he had to make a change to the local newscast.

After meeting with the programming manager, Stone called a meeting of WPAC employees and announced his intention to âspice things upâ during the 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. local news. The 30-minute broadcasts would still include the traditional âtop stories,â âsports,â and âweatherâ segments. However, on slow news days, more attention getting material would be used. Stone also indicated some programming decisions would probably be revisited. âThe days of Little House on the Prairie are over,â he said.

Madison Devereaux, 29, had been the chief meteorologist for WPAC since 2010. After receiving her degree in meteorology from the University of Oklahoma in 2007, she joined WPAC and quickly worked her way up the ranks, impressing viewers and WPAC management alike with her extension knowledge and articulate, professional, mistake-free delivery

Though she was Christian, Devereaux never was one to go around âthumping Bibles in the newsroom,â as she put it. Most of those at WPAC werenât even aware of Madisonâs religious views.

Devereaux was troubled by the announced changes to WPACâs programming but didnât speak up at the time. One Monday during a pre-production meeting, she learned that on Thursday of that week, WPAC reporter Sam Berkshow would present a segment called âDancing Around the Economy,â which would focus on how local strip clubs were doing well despite the sluggish economy.

Devereaux didnât think it was appropriate to air the segment during the 5 p.m. newcast and asked both her producer and Stone to reconsider the piece, or at least air it in the 10 p.m. time slot. When they refused, she asked whether she could take the day off when the segment aired. Stone again refused. This was âsweeps weekâ (when ratings are calculated), Stone wanted to air the story now, and Devereauxâs contract prohibited her from taking time off during sweeps week.

When Devereaux didnât show up for work that Thursday, WPAC fired her, arguing she had breached her contract. For her part, Devereaux said, âIâm not angry with the station, but I am sorry about the changes that have taken place.â

ochreporcupine414

Assignment Instructions: The founder of On-Time Technology Products is being pressured by their biggest investor to use cheaper parts that will not last more than one year. Based on your reading of ethics in this PowerPointÂ©presentation, apply ethical reasoning to respond to this big investor regarding your companyâs ethical position on using these cheaper parts.

Checklist:

â¢Review the PowerPoint presentation on consequential, non-consequential, and virtue ethics. below copied in word

â¢Then using an ethical perspective from the above presentation, and apply it to respond to the big investor.

â¢Discuss how your ethical response also complies with providing exceptional customer service. Scenario Background:

On-Time Technology Products (OTTP) sells products relating to time. Their product line consists of a huge assortment of clocks, watches, daytime planner books, and software. Many of their products are unique and innovative. They have been frequently compared to other high-end retailers.. Their products are sold in retail stores, via the Internet, and via catalogs. Their call center is presently in Dayton, Ohio. Mark MacGibson is the new President for On-Time Technology Products. Mr. MacGibson is a graduate from Kaplan Universityâs MBA program. Mary Graff has a Bachelorâs degree in Business from Kaplan University and is the supervisor for the Customer Service Representatives. Mr. MacGibson and Ms. Graffâs plans are to take On-Time Technology Products to a new level of exceptional customer service.

PowelPoint below in word..

An Overview of Consequential, Nonconsequential and Virtue Ethics Theories

What is Ethics?

Ethics is the study of those values that relate to our moral conduct, including questions of good and evil, right and wrong, and moral responsibility.

Consequentialist Theories:

Consequentialist theories claim that the morality of an action depends only on its consequences.

It only considers the result of actions and not principles or rules in determining morality.

Types of Consequentialist Theories:

Ethical Egoism argues that each person should act in their own self interests.

Act Utilitarianism argues that each person should act in a way that produces the greatest happiness for everyone.

Rule Utilitarianism argues that each person should follow rules that tend to produce the greatest happiness for everyone.

Weaknesses of Consequentialist Theories:

Requires person to predict the future and all possible outcomes.

Can easily be used to justify questionable actions (the end justifies the means).

Nonconsequentialist Theories:

Nonconsequentialist theories claim that the morality of an action depends on principles or other factors that are not related to consequences.

Types of Nonconsequentialist Theories:

Divine command theory argues that we should obey the laws of God.

Kantâs Categorical Imperative states that we should always act in a way that is based on reason, duty, and would be considered ethical if everyone acted in the exact same way. Also, people should be treated as an ends and not as a means.

Weaknesses of Nonconsequentialist Theories:

Divine Command requires a high degree of interpretation skills.

Variety of religions makes standards hard to develop for all.

Can be rigid and ignore outcomes

Virtue Ethics:

Virtue ethics seeks to identify character traits of a moral person and develop those with the idea that the virtuous person will act in a virtuous manner. It does not look to principles or consequences.

Virtue ethics was developed among the ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Confucius.

Virtue ethics enjoys modern support as an approach that avoids many of the problems with Consequential and Nonconsequential ethical theories.

Weaknesses of Virtue Theory:

Difficulty in determining just which characteristics are virtues

Justification for respecting a virtue usually brings one back to either consequences or principles.

Difficulty in applying to specific situations.

Conclusion:

One theory is not enough to cover all possible choices.

Theories can be synthesized to fit oneâs philosophy of life.

One theoryâs weakness is anotherâs strength.

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VISA 1Q99 Lecture Notes - Early Christian Art And Architecture, Dura-Europos, Santa Costanza

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