KINE 2P20 Lecture 10: KINE 2P20 (10)
9 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Nutrition 2P20
Folate or Folic Acid
- Folate (food) folic acid (supplements)
- DFR: Dietary Folate Equivalent
- Folate coenzymes needed for DNA rep. synthesis, and expression and metabolism of
amino acids
- Deficiency
▪ Low in early pregnancy is associated with increased risk of neural tube
defects
▪ Low intake associated with increased risk of heart disease (homocysteine
breakdown)
▪ Anemia
- DRI and Toxicity
▪ RDA Adults +19 400mcg/d
▪ RDA pregnancy 600 mcg/d
▪ RDA UL adults 1000mcg/d (supplement)
▪ Toxicity (Supplements)
• Masking B12 deficiency, mental changes, sleep disturbances, GI
effects
B12
- Myelin Production, Single carbon metabolism (methylation)
- Deficiency
▪ Primary (rare) body stores B12
▪ Pernicious Anemia – unresponsive to iron supplementation
▪ Macrocytic Anemia – B12 is needed for folate action
▪ Neurological symptoms (tingling, numbness)
- DRI and Toxicity
▪ RDA adults +19 2.4mg/d
▪ No UL
CHPT 9 65% of FINAL from here on
Fat Soluble Vitamins
- A, D, E, K
- Require bile and dietary fat for absorption
- Transported through the lymphatic system in chylomicrons
- Not easily excreted because they can be stored in body fat
Vitamin A
- Preformed in animal foods and supplements
- Active forms: retinol, retinal, retinoic acid (the retinoids)
- Beta-carotene – precursor to retinoids from plant foods (carotenoids)
Document Summary
Folate coenzymes needed for dna rep. synthesis, and expression and metabolism of amino acids. Deficiency: low in early pregnancy is associated with increased risk of neural tube defects, low intake associated with increased risk of heart disease (homocysteine breakdown, anemia. Dri and toxicity: rda adults +19 400mcg/d, rda pregnancy 600 mcg/d, rda ul adults 1000mcg/d (supplement, toxicity (supplements, masking b12 deficiency, mental changes, sleep disturbances, gi effects. Deficiency: primary (rare) body stores b12, pernicious anemia unresponsive to iron supplementation, macrocytic anemia b12 is needed for folate action, neurological symptoms (tingling, numbness) Dri and toxicity: rda adults +19 2. 4mg/d, no ul. Chpt 9 65% of final from here on. Require bile and dietary fat for absorption. Transported through the lymphatic system in chylomicrons. Not easily excreted because they can be stored in body fat. Active forms: retinol, retinal, retinoic acid (the retinoids) Beta-carotene precursor to retinoids from plant foods (carotenoids)
