BIOL 2P03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Adenosine, Gtpase, Cyclic Nucleotide
27 Feb 2016
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Lecture 10 signal transduction: cells are in constant communication with each other and with their environment. Must be able to detect appropriate signals and respond to them. In multicellular organisms, cell signalling is required for. In single cell organisms, cell signalling is required for adaptation to changes in environment: multi-step process. Types of signals: many different signals can be present in a cell"s environment. Often more than one signal is available at any given time. Range from simple gases (02) to steroids (estrogen) to proteins (insulin) Signals can originate from outside of the organism (exogenous) Divided into endocrine, paracrine, autocrine and plasma membrane- attached protein signals. Signal is released by nearby cell onto target. E. g. neurotransmitters, growth factors: autocrine signaling. Signal acts on the cell that released it. Signaling molecules embedded in plasma membrane of one cell activate receptors on another cell following direct contact. These molecules can also be cleaved from the membrane and become soluble signals.
