MGMT1135 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Operant Conditioning, Goal Setting, Motivation
Week 5 - Foundations of Motivation
Motivation:
1. Definition:
- Processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of
effort toward attaining a goal
2. Intrinsic Motivation:
- Internal factors → Self-desire to seek out new challenges, driven by interest or
enjoyment
3. Extrinsic Motivation:
- External factors → To attain a desired outcome, driven by rewards
4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
→ Self-actualization: Morality, Creativity, Problem of Solving
→ Esteem: Confidence, Respect
→ Love/Belonging: Friendship, Family
→ Safety: Security of Employment, Family, Health
→ Physiological: Breathing, Food, Water
5. McClelland’s Achievement Motivation Theory
→Need for Achievement (Need to Succeed)
- Self-confidence, high energy, goal-oriented, seek challenge
→Need for Power (Need to Exert Control over others)
- Dominance, self-confidence, high energy, controlling
→Need for Affiliation (Need to be Liked and Accepted by others)
- Concern for maintaining personal relationships, sensitivity to others
Goal Setting Theory - SMART Goals
→ Break up large task into several small task
→ Specific but attainable goals help to increase performance
→ Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound
→ People with unmet goals were more likely to engage in unethical behaviour
Goal Pursuit:
1. Promotion Focus: advancement of conditions that move them towards desired goals
2. Prevention Focus: fulfill duties and obligations and avoid conditions that pull them away
from desired goals
Self-efficacy Theory
1. Definition:
- Individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.
2. Enactive Mastery
- Gaining relevant experience with job/task
3. Vicarious Modelling
- Becoming more confident because you see someone else doing it
4. Verbal Persuasion
- Person is more confident because someone convinces him that she/he has skills.
5. Arousal
- Energized state
Document Summary
Motivation: definition: effort toward attaining a goal. Processes that account for an individual"s intensity, direction and persistence of. Internal factors self-desire to seek out new challenges, driven by interest or enjoyment: extrinsic motivation: External factors to attain a desired outcome, driven by rewards: maslow"s hierarchy of needs. Physiological: breathing, food, water: mcclelland"s achievement motivation theory. Need for power (need to exert control over others) Need for affiliation (need to be liked and accepted by others) Concern for maintaining personal relationships, sensitivity to others. Break up large task into several small task. Specific but attainable goals help to increase performance. People with unmet goals were more likely to engage in unethical behaviour: promotion focus: advancement of conditions that move them towards desired goals, prevention focus: fulfill duties and obligations and avoid conditions that pull them away. Individual"s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. Becoming more confident because you see someone else doing it.
