PSYC1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Virtual Reality, Lightner Witmer, Sigmund Freud
8 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Psychology 1001
Lecture 6
Now: Short history of mental health
• Towards health and clinical psychology
• From trepanning, demons and supernatural forces to evidence-based
treatment/therapy
• Demarcation: psychiatry and psychology
Trepanation
• Reconstruction to get rid of evil spirits (could be related to pain,
migraines)
• Hyronymus Bosch: Cutting the Stone (1494)
• Lots of trepanning after Neolithic period
• Hebrews, persons: inflicted by God as punishment
• Egyptians had already more insight and even therapy (music, dancing,
painting)
• Conversion Disorder (ysteria was caused by wandering uterus
Hippocrates
• Mental illness has it cause in natural occurrences in the human body
• Pathological problems in the brain
• No role for demons and other supernatural forces
• He thought it had to do with the four essential fluids in our body. Blood,
phlegm, yellow bile and black bile
• )mbalance meant problem, blood letting to create new balance
Dealing with Mentally ill People
• Mostly at home, but already at the end of the 8th century, there were
mental hospitals in Baghdad and later in Aleppo and Damascus
• Often superstitions, shame and potential stigmatization resulted in abuse
Asylums
• 1st in Valencia (1406)
• Abuse, untrained staff
• Most infamous was Saint Mary of Bethlehem in London
• Patients used as freak and audience paid to see them
Lightner Witmer (1867-1956)
• Introduced the term clinical psychology
• Applied work on learning disabilities
• Established first psychological clinic in 1896
Freud and Psychology
• Sigmund Freud, psycho-analytic theory of personality and
psychopathology
• Ego and superego, consciousness and unconsciousness
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