PHAR1821 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Metaheuristic, Availability Heuristic, Cognitive Miser
Document Summary
Substitute easy questions for difficult ones (attribute solutions) Allow judgement and decision making in cases where specific and accurate solutions are unknown or unknowable. Availability, anchoring and adjustment and representativeness are frequently considered metaheuristics since they engender many specific effects. How smart people do dumb things: kahneman, slovic and tversky. Availability heuristic (cid:862)the ease with whi(cid:272)h i(cid:374)sta(cid:374)(cid:272)es or o(cid:272)(cid:272)urre(cid:374)(cid:272)es (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e (cid:271)rought to (cid:373)i(cid:374)d(cid:863) motivates judgement. Estimates are made by starting from initial value (anchor) and adjusting to yield a final answer. Likelihood of a condition is judged by similarity to a condition, mitigating factors not withstanding. System 1 is fast, autonomous, reflexive and inexpensive but vulnerable to error. System 2 is slow, deliberate, methodical but costly; it makes few errors. Repetitive activations of sys 2 can get something into system 1. System 2 can override system 1 (exec control) System 1 can override sys 2 (dysrationalia) Cognitive miser function the brain always tries to default into sys 1.
