HLTH2200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Altitude Training, Red Blood Cell, Acidosis
15 Jun 2018
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HLTH2200
LECTURE 4- 20/03/18
Environmental Extremes
Altitude
- What are we trying to achieve by altitude training?
Improve oxygen delivery, extraction of oxygen from blood
- Is altitude training worth it?
Yes, in endurance sports.
- After acclimatising to altitude does oxidative capacity increase or decrease?
Increase
- After acclimatising to altitude does lactate production increase or decrease?
Decrease, less lactate at altitude, more work with less anaerobic load
Outline
• Acid base disorders
• Why do it?
• The effects
o Acute changes
o Chronic Changes
o The dangers
• Training methods
o How high?
o HiLo, HiHi, LoHi, HiHiLo
o Lactate Paradox
• Does it change performance?
o Magnitude of change
o How long do the changes remain for?
Acid base disorders
• 4 main disorders broken into:
• 2 Categories
o Acidosis = Blood is too acidic
o Alakalosis = blood is to basic/ alkaline
• What is the pH of blood?
• Ad 2 origis
o Respiratory
o Metabolic (kidney/ muscle)
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Acid base disorders
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Why altitude train?
• Is it worth travelling for?
• What sports would benefit?
• Is it worth spending $15,000,000 to build an altitude centre?
• How large are the benefits?
What physiological changes do we hope to induce by altitude training?
Why train at Altitude?
The general perception of benefit is much stronger than the scientific justification.
1. Increase red cell volume (RCV)
2. Additional training stimulus due to tissue hypoxia
3. Acclimatise to competition location
Red Cell Volume
• RCV is the concentration of Haemoglobin (Hb) in blood.
• Hb
o Transport oxygen
o Buffer the blood from acids (i.e. Make it able to cope with a bigger change in
acid concentration)
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RCV and Performance
• Does increasing RCV improve performance?
• Elite edurace athletes hae higher ‘CVs
It is the total mass and not the conc of Hb that improves performance
• Elite athletes may have
▪ lower concentration of Hb
▪ But a higher total mass
• This equates to an increase in oxygen delivery to the working muscles
But does Altitude training improve performance?
Environmental Changes at altitude
• pO2
• T oC
o ~-1oC for every 150m ascent
o Very low relative humidity (dehydration)
• solar radiation (sunburn)
o Less atmosphere
o Less water vapour to absorb radiation
Acute changes
• What is the immediate stimulus upon arrival at altitude (3000m+)?
• Hyperventilation
o pO2 → Ve → pCO2
• Dehydration?
o Respiratory water losses
o kidney water losses
Respiratory Alkalosis
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Document Summary
Improve oxygen delivery, extraction of oxygen from blood. Decrease, less lactate at altitude, more work with less anaerobic load. Acid base disorders: 4 main disorders broken into, 2 (cid:862)categories(cid:863, acidosis = blood is too acidic, alakalosis = blood is to basic/ alkaline, what is the ph of blood, a(cid:374)d 2 (cid:862)origi(cid:374)s(cid:863, respiratory, metabolic (kidney/ muscle) The general perception of benefit is much stronger than the scientific justification: increase red cell volume (rcv, additional training stimulus due to tissue hypoxia, acclimatise to competition location. Red cell volume: rcv is the concentration of haemoglobin (hb) in blood, hb. Transport oxygen: buffer the blood from acids (i. e. make it able to cope with a bigger change in acid concentration) Rcv and performance: does increasing rcv improve performance, elite e(cid:374)dura(cid:374)ce athletes ha(cid:448)e higher cv(cid:859)s. Environmental changes at altitude: po2, t oc, ~-1oc for every 150m ascent, very low relative humidity (dehydration, solar radiation (sunburn, less atmosphere, less water vapour to absorb radiation.
