BIOS1301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Fisheries Management, Eutrophication, Sustainable Fishery
3 Jun 2018
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BIOS1301 – Ecology and Sustainability – Part 9
LEC 19:
Trade in Biodiversity
• Value of biodiversity
o How do we value biodiversity? With money (economic value).
• This ignores cultural, intrinsic, and future value (non-use).
• E.g. plants are used for creation of drugs in medicine. We do not
know the diseases and medicines needed in the future, but we know
plants will be needed so we need to assign a value to plants.
o WTP - willingness to pay
o WTA - willingness to accept
• Trade in biodiversity
• Illegal trade and cites
• Bioprospecting and biopiracy
o Bioprospecting: prospecting for gold. Ex. genetics - who has the right to
claim ownership of something created by nature.
• Current legal battles with pharmaceutical companies that are trying
to patent human genomes of specific human diseases
• Agriculture companies that create genetically modified seeds that
cannot reproduce. Selling rice and wheat that cannot reproduce,
where the farmer has to return to the company and purchase
another set of seeds for their crop.
• Seed hunter (Australian botanist) responsible for the seed vault of the
original unmodified seeds. This is to help in case of a massive disaster
that our current modified plants cannot handle.
o Biopiracy: pirate ship that steals someone else's treasure. Ex.
cultural/indigenous use
• Quinoa: has been used for hundreds of years by South Americans and
is now a superfood in the West. Has now become too expensive for
these communities to access quinoa that they always had access to.
• Should we have a fall back process that ensures and protects these
indigenous communities.
Q. What does CITES stand for?
R. C - convention
T - trade
I - international
E - endangered
S - species
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