BIO1011 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Biogeography, Pseudogene, Archaeopteryx
10 Aug 2018
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Document Summary
"nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution" We scratch the surface here : sources of genetic variation, darwinian theory of evolution, evidence for evolution, species and speciation, phylogenies. Understanding the genetic basis of common diseases. Genomes of individuals and species vary with respect to: single nucleotide base changes, total dna content, the number of genes they carry, sequence repeats, the organization of the genome. Origin of new genes: de-novo gene origin: from noncoding dna. Gene or genome duplications: important for evolutionary innovation. Single gene duplication: dna-based gene duplication, rna-based gene duplication. Transposase copy section of dna genome and insert in a new place of the genome. Results in one chromatid with 2 copies of the gene, and one without the gene. Introns that are present: has transposons (dna based, has unequal crossover (dna based, does not have retrotransposons (rna based) Tandem or dispersed: dispersed transposons (dna based, tandem unequal crossover (dna based, dispersed retrotransposons (rna based)
