BCH3052 Lecture 13: Proteomics
25 May 2018
School
Department
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Professor
Lecture 13 – Proteomics
Proteomics
• The study of proteomes
o Proteome: complete set of proteins expressed and modified by the
entire genome in the lifetime of a cell
• The effort to establish the identities, quantities, structure and biochemical and
cellular functions of complete complements of proteins in an organism, organ
or organelles and how these properties vary in space, time and/or
physiological state
• Gene → mRNA → protein
• Genome → transcription → proteome
o Genome: sequencing → gene identification, structure, SNP
o Transcriptome: microarrays → gene expression patterns in normal and
diseased tissue, gene regulation
o Proteome: mass spectrometry → protein identification, quantitation
Functional Significance of Proteomics
• Functional analysis
• Structure and interaction of protein
• Single genome – hypothetically give rise to infinite number of qualitatively
and quantitatively different proteomes
• Advantage of proteome analysis rests with ability to monitor
o Stage of cell cycle
o Effect of growth
o Effect of nutrient conditions
o Pathological changes
• Proteins are commercial endpoints of most research in biological sciences
• Proteins carry out nearly all controlled biological functions
• Protein-protein interactions control most cellular processes
• Valuable products for pharmaceutical, food, environmental and
biotechnological industries
• Key to understanding non-linear biological processes
• Proteomics → functional genomics
Challenges in Proteomics
• Sensitivity
• Throughput
• Bioinformatics
• Biological function
• Quantitation
Key Technologies in Proteomics
• Fractionation to simplify the
mixture: e.g. gel
electrophoresis
• Separating it then analysing it
using mass spec
