BCH3052 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Laser Capture Microdissection, Metastasis, Spot Image
25 May 2018
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Lecture 15 – Functional Proteomics
Biomarker Identification – Basic Concept
• Evolution of biomarker research
o 1st Generation: Blood based
(plasma/serum markers)
o 2nd Generation: Mutation based
markers
o 3rd Generation: Genomics
based markers
o 4th Generation: Proteomics
based markers
• Discovery → Characterization →
Validation
Cancer Development and Progression
• Healthy → metastatic cancer
• Want reliable biomarkers for each of
stages
• Earlier detected – better chance of
controlling it and lower chance of progression
• Main biomarker used for Carcinogenesis is AFP
Role of Serum Markers in Cancer
• Early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions
• Follow up and therapeutic outcome and early detection of relapse
• Assessment of biological malignancy and prognosis
• Selection of therapeutic interventions
• Monitoring the patients who are at risk of developing cancer
Role of Proteomics in Biomarker Discovery
• The discovery of molecular markers for diagnosis and monitoring disease
• Research tools (disease process) → biomarker discovery for diagnostics/
development of new therapeutics → custom/personalised healthcare products
Chip Analysis vs. 2D Proteomx
• Chemical chip
o Chip format: choice of different ligands (hydrophobic, ionic) →
captured on plate (via DNA binding, antibody, enzymes, receptors,
phage)→ mass spectrometry → stuff on surface is polarised
o Compare protein peaks with normal and diseased
• Proteomx
o 2DE based proteome analysis (like western blot)
o Combination of conventional proteome analysis with serology
▪ Look for proteins in sample that are immunologically related
▪ Want to detect proteins that light up in response to serum probe
▪ Looking for serum markers hiding in body
o Without prior knowledge on the antigens
o No need for established tumour cell lines and pre-characterized CTL
clones
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