ANAT30007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 34: Academic Press, International Standard Book Number, Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
17 Jun 2018
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Professor
Genetic change in species over time
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Change in allele frequency
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Change in morphology
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Change over time
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Interbreeding populations
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Individuals within a species are similar in morphology
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What is a species?
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Diversity of species
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Adaptation
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Differential fitness
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Reproductive advantage
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Evolution by Natural Selection - Charles Darwin
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Evolution
Conversion of organic material into mineral
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Fossilization
How and where animal lived
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Anatomy
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How and where animal died
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How quickly it was buried
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Possibility of erosion
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Probability of being found
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Fleagle, J 1988 Primate
adaptation and evolution.
Academic Press, ISBN
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Propensity for fossilization depends
on:
Time scale for hominin evolution
12.1 Fossil evidence for changes in human locomotion
Saturday, 23 May 2015
6:52 PM
Locomotor Page 1
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Fossil record for human evolution dates back to 7 mya (around when chimps branched off)
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Don't need to know species names
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Focus on differences between Genus Australopithecus and homo
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Foramen magnum
Position of foramen moves anteriorly
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Basioccipital plane becomes shorter
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Nuchal plane: big and angled > small and rounded (posterior part filled with cerebellum)
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Facial prognathism and orientation of nuchal plane
Size of nuchal muscles and facial prognathism reduces, brain case grows in size (frontal and
occipital regions grow)
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Basicranial flexion decreases
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Locomotor Page 2
Document Summary
12. 1 fossil evidence for changes in human locomotion. Individuals within a species are similar in morphology. Fossil record for human evolution dates back to 7 mya (around when chimps branched off) Focus on differences between genus australopithecus and homo. Nuchal plane: big and angled > small and rounded (posterior part filled with cerebellum) Size of nuchal muscles and facial prognathism reduces, brain case grows in size (frontal and occipital regions grow) Temporalis muscles (chewing): temporal lines meet at sagittal crest superiorly - forms compound temporonuchal crest (present in gorillas) Thoracic shape suggests guts are large in a. afarensis (right) and chimps (left) compared to humans (centre) Afarensis: funnel-shaped rib cage, but has pelvis with short iliac blades: ergaster young male. Broad thorax and long clavicles: indicate large lungs (adaptation to cold climate) Longer spinous process in cervical region: attachment for nuchal muscles. Cervical spinous process not bifid (less efficient nuchal region to hold head up)
