ANAT30007 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Suction Cup, Ankle, Hip
20 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Upper and lower limb homologues
Lower limbs bud from L2-S2 somites, develops flexion in knee region, undergoes torsion
opposite to upper limb direction - end up 180 degrees rotated relative to UL
•
Pronation and internal rotation relative to upper limb (external rotation/supination) so that
knee faces anteriorly
•
Dermatomes spiral down lower limb (barber pole)
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Differences between Upper Limb and Lower Limb
UL highly mobile, LL more stable, strong and long
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Pelvic girdle is a complete, sturdy ring
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Angulated, robust femur - shaft projected medially relative to neck/head (valgus deviation at
knee), centres weight into midline (less side-to-side shift, energy efficient)
•
Anterior to thoracic vertebral joints
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Posterior to hip joint
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Anterior to knee joint (gastrocnemius + soleus postural muscles)
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Far anterior to ankle joint
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Weight of the body falls anterior/posterior to joint axes (lessens degeneration at joint), taken
by ligaments/muscles anterior/posterior to joint
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Arch acts like suction cup to take weight off bones
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Non-opposable toe assists in bipedal motion
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Regions of the lower limb
7.2 Hip and Thigh: Bones and Muscles
Monday, 20 April 2015
8:49 pm
Locomotor Page 1
Regions of the lower limb
Major regions: hip (iliac crest to hip joint), thigh
(inguinal ligament to knee), leg (knee to ankle), foot
(ankle to toes)
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Anterior regions:
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Femoral triangle
1.
Subsartorial canal
2.
Anterior compartment of thigh
3.
Medial compartment of thigh
4.
Anterior compartment of leg
5.
Lateral compartment of leg
6.
Dorsum of foot
7.
Dorsal aspect of digits
8.
Posterior regions:
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Gluteal region
9.
Posterior compartment of thigh
10.
Popliteal fossa
11.
Posterior compartment of leg
12.
Tarsal tunnel
13.
Sole of foot
14.
Plantar aspect of toes
15.
Pelvic Girdle
Pelvis forms a complete ring between 2 os coxae and sacrum
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Ilium: largest part - Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is palpable; meets with sacrum at
posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) and posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)
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Ischium: strong body, ramus encloses obturator foramen (contains obturator
membrane)
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Pubis: has two rami enclosing the obturator foramen, and bodies meet at pubic
symphysis (fibrocartilaginous joint); crest of pubis
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Os coxae made of 3 bones: ilium, ischium, pubis (completely fused by ~25, late in life) that
meet in the acetabulum
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Pelvic brim: opening of pelvis
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Greater sciatic notch converted to greater sciatic foramen by sacrospinous ligament
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Lesser sciatic notch converted to lesser sciatic foramen by sacrotuberous ligament
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Os coxae
Locomotor Page 2
Direct trauma causes fracture, e.g. car accident where wheel jams against pelvis when driver
doesn't have seat belt. Most commonly fractured part is pubic symphysis (rami break as well).
Typically both sides fractured
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Locomotor Page 3
Document Summary
Lower limbs bud from l2-s2 somites, develops flexion in knee region, undergoes torsion opposite to upper limb direction - end up 180 degrees rotated relative to ul. Pronation and internal rotation relative to upper limb (external rotation/supination) so that knee faces anteriorly. Ul highly mobile, ll more stable, strong and long. Angulated, robust femur - shaft projected medially relative to neck/head (valgus deviation at knee), centres weight into midline (less side-to-side shift, energy efficient) Weight of the body falls anterior/posterior to joint axes (lessens degeneration at joint), taken by ligaments/muscles anterior/posterior to joint. Anterior to knee joint (gastrocnemius + soleus postural muscles) Arch acts like suction cup to take weight off bones. Major regions: hip (iliac crest to hip joint), thigh (inguinal ligament to knee), leg (knee to ankle), foot (ankle to toes) Pelvis forms a complete ring between 2 os coxae and sacrum.
