HPS121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Token Economy, Reinforcement, Behavioral Activation
HPS121 Week 9 - Psychological Treatment
The basic goal of psychotherapy is to help people change maladaptive thoughts,
feelings and behaviour patterns so that they can live a happier and more productive
lives.
The difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist is that only
psychiatrists are allowed to prescribe medication to treat the disorder.
Psychodynamic therapies (Freud) –Psychoanalysis – the goal of psychoanalysis
is to help clients achieve ‘insight,’ the conscious awareness of the psychodynamics
that underlie their problems. Such awareness permits clients to adjust their behaviour
to their current life situations, rather than repeating the maladaptive routines learned in
childhood.
Free association – clients verbally report without censorship any thoughts, feelings or
images that enter their awareness. Analysts sit behind the client so that the client’s
thought processes will be determined primarily by internal factors. Free association
provide clues concerning important themes or issues in the client’s mind.
Dream interpretation – psychoanalysts believe that dreams express impulses,
fantasies and wishes that the client’s defences keep bottled up in the unconscious
during waking hours. In dream interpretation, the analyst helps the client search for
the unconscious material contained in the dreams. One means of doing so is to ask the
client to free-associate to each element of the dream. The analyst then helps the client
arrive at an understanding of what the symbols in the dream might really represent.
Resistance – defensive manoeuvers by the client that hinder the process of therapy.
Transference – occurs when the client responds irrationally to the analyst as if they
were an important figure from the client’s past. Transference brings into the open
repressed feelings and maladaptive behaviour patterns that both the client and
therapist can discover and explore. Transference takes two basic forms; positive
transference, where the client transfers feelings of intense affection, dependency or
love to the analyst, based on past relationships. Negative transference involves
irrational expressions of anger, hatred, fear or disappointment transferred onto the
therapist from important past relationships.
Interpretation – any statement by the therapist that’s intended to provide the client
with insight into their behaviour or dynamics.
Brief psychodynamic therapies – focuses on understanding the maladaptive
influences of the past and relating them to current pattern of self-defeating behaviour.
Many of these brief therapies utilise concepts from psychoanalysis, such as the
importance of insight and the use of interpretation, but they employ them in a more
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Document Summary
The basic goal of psychotherapy is to help people change maladaptive thoughts, feelings and behaviour patterns so that they can live a happier and more productive lives. The difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist is that only psychiatrists are allowed to prescribe medication to treat the disorder. Psychodynamic therapies (freud) psychoanalysis the goal of psychoanalysis is to help clients achieve insight," the conscious awareness of the psychodynamics that underlie their problems. Such awareness permits clients to adjust their behaviour to their current life situations, rather than repeating the maladaptive routines learned in childhood. Free association clients verbally report without censorship any thoughts, feelings or images that enter their awareness. Analysts sit behind the client so that the client"s thought processes will be determined primarily by internal factors. Free association provide clues concerning important themes or issues in the client"s mind.
