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EDLA168 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Phonics, Guided Reading

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maroonferret18
4 Sep 2018
School
ACU
Department
Education
Course
EDLA168
Professor
Dr. Matthew Zbaracki

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Document Summary

A reading program has 3 major focus areas: Reading practices or roles of the reader. Selection: of text, is it appropriate etc. What is the purpose for using the text, every time you read to a child you need to have a purpose. Reader: what are their weakness", what do they need help with, what are their interests. Context: are they reading it because they have to write an essay? or because they want to start a discussion or they like that theme of book. Semantic knowledge (prior knowledge(schema)): what they know about a particular topic. Grammatical knowledge (grammar structure of the text): particular pattern of the text. Phonological/graphological knowledge (strategies (phonics or text structure)): Visual knowledge: what the word looks like. Each chapter has its own beginning, middle and end. More pages than readers and complex sentences with richer vocabulary. Big font size (1 1/2 size of normal text)

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Related Questions

I couldn't help but notice just how non-descriptive the genenames that modern genetics is using. Currently I'm reading "The newscience of Evo Devo" by Sean B. Carroll and here are some examplesof gene names used:

  • Fzrb
  • Krox 20
  • Hoxa2, Hoxb4
  • ZPA
  • FGF8
  • sonic hedgehog

While these names identify genes uniquely, they do very littleto express what and where the gene does, or how it is related toother genes (While FGF8 may be related to FGF7, it's relationshipto XYZ10 is not obvious).

I get the need to uniquely identify genes , and the bookis an example of just how hard it is to presently write about a lotof genes at once. The author creates a picture of what'sgoing on, but the gene names get in the way. Even in cases where agene has a semi-descriptive name, like "eyeless", the reader has toremember that it's actually the gene responsible for eyeformation.

Are there are any efforts underway to systematize orname genes for a given organism in an expressivemanner?

As a programmer, I write code for a living, and havingdescriptive names makes it easier to look at someone else's code,read about code and even discuss it with novices. For example:

  • initializeDataModel
  • createViewHierarchy
  • userDidSelectLayerAtIndex

Modern programming tools make using descriptive names easier,because of autocomplete - typing in the first few letters of aprogramming structure completes the rest. Even google has a list ofautocomplete suggestions.

We are all familiar with the Internet, wherebiology.stackexchange.com/questionname resolves into a specificpage. Stackexchange is the site we are visiting, and Biology is asubset of that site. There are other biology websites, butbiology.stackexchange.com uniquely identifies this site. The use of"biology" in the address gives readers a general idea of what thesite is about and relates it to other biology sites. Our webbrowsers resolve the address into a proper string of bytes and getthe right page and whatever technology we use would actuallyresolve that descriptive name into a gene or a series of geneinteractions?

Water and Minerals

COLLAPSE

This discussion requires knowledge of the material from the chapter and research from online databases or valid research sources. This is truly an excellent learning experience for all of us.

Cancer and Chronic Disease (parkinson's, alzeimers, MS, CVD, auto-immune etc) are words that scare most of us. Certainly when it comes to prevention research shows that smoking, excessive alcohol use, exposure to toxins, obesity, poor diet, lowered immunity, inflammation are all implicators. We can definitely reduce our risk with good lifestyle choices (not smoking, normal BMI, etc.) and that includes dietary choices. There is quite a bit of research and debate about which minerals are beneficial for cancer and/or disease prevention (if at all) and research changes often. You can also focus on water, this will probably lead you down a track to discussing the effects of certain pollutants in the water supply. In any case we are going to find that research and share the knowledge!

This week, for your original posting, find a scholarly based article, professional journal article, original research from grey literature (www.greylit.org) or well respected organization/association research on diet and cancer or chronic disease prevention. This could include the presence of minerals, as supplements or from food, or something related to the water supply and cancer/chronic disease prevention, special diet for cancer/chronic diseases prevention etc. It can be specific to a particular type of disease or cancer or more general. If you select a chronic disease, select one specific one. We are on the minerals chapter, so I would like to see research focused on a mineral or that includes a mineral or multiple minerals. (for example though, don't research a high protein diet as that is a macronutrient).

What to consider:

1. Two wasy to navigate sources for you: get on Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com or for non-published research you can query: www.greylit.org OR have the MC librarian direct you to the various databases you have access too (you can call MC library and they will help you if you are fully online and don't want to go in). Absolutley NO wikipedia, livestrong or webmd, Mayo type sites. You can start here for topic ideas but look further! We are looking for scholarly research. Professional organizations are also a good place as well (for instance, I am interested in digestive conditions, and utilize the American Gastroenterological Association site which links to their journal).

2. find something you are interested in and use that as the basis of your search. This could be information from chapter 8. Also remember, it does not just have to be cancer, you can select any chronic condition you are interested in and see if there is research related to vitamins, minerals or phytochemicals.

3. **In many cases on Google Scholar you can see several version of an article and often you can access a free PDF version of the full article. If NOT, call the MC library and ask for our college log on and see if we have rights to the article. They may have given this info to you but I have found most students have to ask. OR the MC library will actually retrieve the full text article for you and email you the PDF, utilize the librarians!! They love it. **do NOT pay to purchase a full text article online! Utilize the MC library!!

3. If you find an article of interest in a regular magazine or paper (print or online) like Health magazine online, New York times, Wall street journal etc. and you like it, then at the END of the article or referenced IN the article will be information on the original research where the writer got the information. You can discuss the general article in your research but also find the original scholarly article online! **include both in your original posting as attachments or links.

For your original posting:

1. in the Subject box put the topic you researched i.e. lead contaminated water and the effects of cognitive development

2. Then post your article (and include either a link or preferabley the pdf or word doc so we can see the entire article). and also provide a detailed summary of the information you read about and if you agree or disagree with the information. Also discuss why you selected this particular article. **document the source appropriately, I am not concerned if you use APA or MLA.

3.**IMPORTANT, for full points YOU are summarizing what the article/research study said in your own words and discussing merits, issues, if you agree, disagree etc. I am having you attach the article/research study you referenced instead of just a works cited info so others in the class can access the information as well. **you are not cutting and pasting the abstract!!

A.) Read the case study and evaluate what you would do next.

B.) Given the knowledge gained from these case studies, what are the key elements to

applying professional skepticism?

Case Study B — Journal Entries Reveal a Puzzling Pattern

For several years, I’ve been a senior audit manager on a subsidiary of a foreign entity. We conduct the annual audit, with no review of quarterly financial information.

One year, a few months before we started fieldwork, the client hired a new controller and made some other personnel changes to the finance team. When we began our work, we found more small errors than usual, specifically in revenue and accounts receivable.

We attributed the errors to the change in personnel and were not overly concerned, but we modified our procedures for testing revenue and looked for journal entries made to revenue with offsets to unusual accounts.

We soon noticed a trend: entries to revenue often had an offset to atypical accounts. The pattern was puzzling because the entries both increased and decreased revenue during the course of the year, so it was difficult to understand any potential reasoning.

As the reporting deadline approached, the partner and I sat down with the controller to ask for an explanation.

In response to our questions, the controller produced a spreadsheet and showed us that all the topside entries netted out to a minimal effect on the final full-year results. He indicated that the entries were made with the agreement of the CEO.

Since we were performing an annual audit of the financial statements on which these entries had little effect, the controller evidently felt our questions were satisfied.

“But what was the purpose of the entries?” our partner asked. “We need to understand why these topside entries have been made,” he persisted.

There was a long, uncomfortable pause. Finally, the controller sighed and said, “Well, you may not like the answer. Let me ask the CEO to join us.”

They explained that they tried to make the quarterly results approximate the budgeted amounts, solely for the purpose of reporting to the foreign parent. This was intended to avoid having to explain unfavorable quarterly variances, a normal part of this company’s business cycle. The CEO added that his team fully understood their business, and they were confident that the full-year results would approximate the budget.