BSCI 1511 Chapter Notes - Chapter 45: Hyperthyroidism, Antidiuretic, Testicle
25 Apr 2016
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Endocrine signaling: hormones are secreted into extracellular fluid by endocrine cells and reach target cells through the bloodstream. Paracrine and autocrine signaling: release local regulators to travel short distances to target cells. Paracrine signals go to other cells nearby while autocrine signals go to the same cell secreting the signal. Synaptic and neuroendocrine signaling: neurotransmitters are secreted and travel through synapses to other receptors. Neurohormones are released from nerve cell endings into the bloodstream. Pheromones: chemicals that are released in external environments. Nitric oxide: both a local regulator and neurotransmitter, increases blood flow when o2 levels fall, aka erections. In muscle cells, causes relaxation and increased blood flow. Simple endocrine pathways: endocrine cells respond directly to an internal or environmental stimulus by secreting a particular hormone travels in bloodstream to target cells receptor binding signal transduction. Simple neuroendocrine pathway: stimulus is received by sensory neuron stimulates a neurosecretory cell secretes a neurohormone diffuses into blood stream travels to target cells.
