BIOL 2200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Hfr Cell, Lipopolysaccharide, Heterocyst

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limesardine98

22 Feb 2017

School

University of Virginia

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 2200

Professor

Jessamyn Manson

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27. 1 structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success. Sample stained with crystal violet dye and iodine, rinsed with alcohol, and then stained with a red dye. Gram positive- large amount of peptidoglycan in walls and simple wall. Gram negative small amount of peptidoglycan in walls and complex cell wall, with an outer membrane containing liposaccharides: cell walls surrounded by sticky layer called capsule if dense/well-defined and slime layer if unorganized. Allows prokaryotes to stick to surfaces and protect from dehydration. Shield prokaryotes fro(cid:373) attacks fro(cid:373) host"s i(cid:373)(cid:373)u(cid:374)e system: endospores used to resist harsh conditions. Tough coat surrounds genetic material, water removed from endospore and metabolism halts: fimbriae another means of sticking to a substrate (hairlike appendages, pili hairlike appendages that connect two cells together for dna transfer. Motility: taxis directed movement towards or away from a stimulus, flagella most common for motility. Can be spread all over or present at the ends or at one place.

Related Questions

1.This week, you will be conducting Gram stains of bacteria.Which of the following statements are true? (Mark all thatapply)

		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple because they do nottake-up crystal violet or iodine
		The peptidoglycan in the walls of Gram-positive bacteria bindsto the crystal violet stain more easily than walls of Gram-negativebacteria do
		Gram-positive bacteria have cell walls with a thickerpeptidoglycan layer than walls of Gram-negative bacteria
		Gram-negative bacteria do not stain purple, because their cellwall structure allows purple-colored iodine-dye complexes to washout of the cells more easily than the cell wall structure ofGram-positive bacteria does
		Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (outside thepeptidoglycan layer in their wall) that Gram-positive bacterialack

What evidence is used to inform our understanding ofrelationships among species? (mark all that apply)

		Biochemical similarities between existing species
		Fossils
		Morphological similarities between existing species (presence ofhair, backbones, etc.)
		DNA sequences and molecular clocks

For each of the groups of organisms below, indicate whether theybelong in (A.) Archaea, (B.) Bacteria, or (C.) Eukarya

- A. B. C.	Methanogens (prokaryotes that produce methane)
- A. B. C.	Gram-positive bacteria
- A. B. C.	Fungi
- A. B. C.	Animals
- A. B. C.	Cyanobacteria
- A. B. C.	Green algae
- A. B. C.	Red algae
- A. B. C.	Amoebas
- A. B. C.	Thermophiles (prokaryotes of hydrothermal vents)
- A. B. C.	Plants
- A. B. C.	Free-living relatives of mitochondria
- A. B. C.	Single-celled organisms with a circular strand of DNA, without anuclear envelope and without peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Select all true statements about the relative diversity ofdifferent groups of organisms from among the followingstatements:

		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofmolluscs
		There are more plant species on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species offungi
		There are more species of fungi on Earth than mammal species
		There are more species of plants on Earth than species ofarthropods
		There are more flatworm species on Earth than mammal species

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BIOL 2200 Chapter Notes - Chapter 27: Hfr Cell, Lipopolysaccharide, Heterocyst

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