BIOL 2200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Gram Staining, Endospore, Archaea
20 Feb 2017
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Biodiversity = the variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; includes diversity within and among species and ecosystems. To see the larger impact of humans on the earth. Cell wall helps adhere and protects the cell. May have a sticky layer called either a capsule (dense) or slime layer (poorly defined) Fimbriae = hair-like appendages used to stick to the substrates. Pili = appendages that pull two cells together for dna transfer (conjugation) Flagella = may be found all over the cell, at one or both ends. Aerobic prokaryotes have a respiratory membrane (like mitochondria) Photosynthetic prokaryotes have thylakoid membranes (like chloroplasts) Plasmid = small rings of dna that replicate independently. Associated with conjugation and horizontal gene transfer. The transfer of genes between different species. Rare to find introns in bacteria, but some in archaea. Growth is inhibited in bacteria when introduced to bacteria, but not in eukaryotes and archaea.
